基於Unity3D實現3D迷宮小遊戲的範例程式碼

2022-03-05 16:01:04

一、前言

閒來無事，從零開始整個《3D迷宮》小遊戲。

本篇文章會詳細介紹構思、實現思路，希望可以幫助到有緣人。

二、構思

首先，要實現一個小遊戲，心裡肯定要有一個大概的想法，然後就是將想法完善起來。

我的想法就是一個用立體的牆搭建的迷宮，然後控制人物在迷宮中移動，最後找到出口，就這麼簡單。

當然，這是一個雛形，比如可以加點音效、背景、關卡、解密等。

那麼整理一下實現思路就是：

構建3D迷宮
實現人物移動
實現出入口邏輯

OK，下面就正式開發。

三、正式開發

3-1、搭建場景

首先，新建個專案，我用了Unity 2019.4.7f1版本，專案名稱跟位置按照自己的喜好設定即可：

接下來構建迷宮，先新建一個Plane，讓它最夠大，擴大10倍：

新建Cube，調整大小縮放，讓它看起來像是一堵牆，然後構建迷宮：

3-2、設定出入口

放兩個Cube，設定縮放，將出口名字改成Exit，這樣就行了，到時候通過碰撞檢測檢測小球是否到達出口即可。

3-3、新增角色

在Hierarchy檢視，右擊選擇3D Objcet→Capsule，新建一個球體，新增Rigibody元件：

設定Drag抓地力為1。

就這樣設定就行了，在實際執行中如果引數不合適還可以再調整。

將小球移動到入口的位置。

3-4、實現角色移動

這裡直接使用官方的第一人稱移動程式碼RigidbodyFirstPersonController .cs：

public class RigidbodyFirstPersonController : MonoBehaviour
    {
        [Serializable]
        public class MovementSettings
        {
            public float ForwardSpeed = 8.0f;   // Speed when walking forward
            public float BackwardSpeed = 4.0f;  // Speed when walking backwards
            public float StrafeSpeed = 4.0f;    // Speed when walking sideways
            public float RunMultiplier = 2.0f;   // Speed when sprinting
	        public KeyCode RunKey = KeyCode.LeftShift;
            public float JumpForce = 30f;
            public AnimationCurve SlopeCurveModifier = new AnimationCurve(new Keyframe(-90.0f, 1.0f), new Keyframe(0.0f, 1.0f), new Keyframe(90.0f, 0.0f));
            [HideInInspector] public float CurrentTargetSpeed = 8f;

#if !MOBILE_INPUT
            private bool m_Running;
#endif

            public void UpdateDesiredTargetSpeed(Vector2 input)
            {
	            if (input == Vector2.zero) return;
				if (input.x > 0 || input.x < 0)
				{
					//strafe
					CurrentTargetSpeed = StrafeSpeed;
				}
				if (input.y < 0)
				{
					//backwards
					CurrentTargetSpeed = BackwardSpeed;
				}
				if (input.y > 0)
				{
					//forwards
					//handled last as if strafing and moving forward at the same time forwards speed should take precedence
					CurrentTargetSpeed = ForwardSpeed;
				}
#if !MOBILE_INPUT
	            if (Input.GetKey(RunKey))
	            {
		            CurrentTargetSpeed *= RunMultiplier;
		            m_Running = true;
	            }
	            else
	            {
		            m_Running = false;
	            }
#endif
            }

#if !MOBILE_INPUT
            public bool Running
            {
                get { return m_Running; }
            }
#endif
        }


        [Serializable]
        public class AdvancedSettings
        {
            public float groundCheckDistance = 0.01f; // distance for checking if the controller is grounded ( 0.01f seems to work best for this )
            public float stickToGroundHelperDistance = 0.5f; // stops the character
            public float slowDownRate = 20f; // rate at which the controller comes to a stop when there is no input
            public bool airControl; // can the user control the direction that is being moved in the air
            [Tooltip("set it to 0.1 or more if you get stuck in wall")]
            public float shellOffset; //reduce the radius by that ratio to avoid getting stuck in wall (a value of 0.1f is nice)
        }


        public Camera cam;
        public MovementSettings movementSettings = new MovementSettings();
        public MouseLook mouseLook = new MouseLook();
        public AdvancedSettings advancedSettings = new AdvancedSettings();


        private Rigidbody m_RigidBody;
        private CapsuleCollider m_Capsule;
        private float m_YRotation;
        private Vector3 m_GroundContactNormal;
        private bool m_Jump, m_PreviouslyGrounded, m_Jumping, m_IsGrounded;


        public Vector3 Velocity
        {
            get { return m_RigidBody.velocity; }
        }

        public bool Grounded
        {
            get { return m_IsGrounded; }
        }

        public bool Jumping
        {
            get { return m_Jumping; }
        }

        public bool Running
        {
            get
            {
 #if !MOBILE_INPUT
				return movementSettings.Running;
#else
	            return false;
#endif
            }
        }


        private void Start()
        {
            m_RigidBody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
            m_Capsule = GetComponent<CapsuleCollider>();
            mouseLook.Init (transform, cam.transform);
        }


        private void Update()
        {
            RotateView();

            if (CrossPlatformInputManager.GetButtonDown("Jump") && !m_Jump)
            {
                m_Jump = true;
            }
        }


        private void FixedUpdate()
        {
            GroundCheck();
            Vector2 input = GetInput();

            if ((Mathf.Abs(input.x) > float.Epsilon || Mathf.Abs(input.y) > float.Epsilon) && (advancedSettings.airControl || m_IsGrounded))
            {
                // always move along the camera forward as it is the direction that it being aimed at
                Vector3 desiredMove = cam.transform.forward*input.y + cam.transform.right*input.x;
                desiredMove = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(desiredMove, m_GroundContactNormal).normalized;

                desiredMove.x = desiredMove.x*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed;
                desiredMove.z = desiredMove.z*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed;
                desiredMove.y = desiredMove.y*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed;
                if (m_RigidBody.velocity.sqrMagnitude <
                    (movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed*movementSettings.CurrentTargetSpeed))
                {
                    m_RigidBody.AddForce(desiredMove*SlopeMultiplier(), ForceMode.Impulse);
                }
            }

            if (m_IsGrounded)
            {
                m_RigidBody.drag = 5f;

                if (m_Jump)
                {
                    m_RigidBody.drag = 0f;
                    m_RigidBody.velocity = new Vector3(m_RigidBody.velocity.x, 0f, m_RigidBody.velocity.z);
                    m_RigidBody.AddForce(new Vector3(0f, movementSettings.JumpForce, 0f), ForceMode.Impulse);
                    m_Jumping = true;
                }

                if (!m_Jumping && Mathf.Abs(input.x) < float.Epsilon && Mathf.Abs(input.y) < float.Epsilon && m_RigidBody.velocity.magnitude < 1f)
                {
                    m_RigidBody.Sleep();
                }
            }
            else
            {
                m_RigidBody.drag = 0f;
                if (m_PreviouslyGrounded && !m_Jumping)
                {
                    StickToGroundHelper();
                }
            }
            m_Jump = false;
        }


        private float SlopeMultiplier()
        {
            float angle = Vector3.Angle(m_GroundContactNormal, Vector3.up);
            return movementSettings.SlopeCurveModifier.Evaluate(angle);
        }


        private void StickToGroundHelper()
        {
            RaycastHit hitInfo;
            if (Physics.SphereCast(transform.position, m_Capsule.radius * (1.0f - advancedSettings.shellOffset), Vector3.down, out hitInfo,
                                   ((m_Capsule.height/2f) - m_Capsule.radius) +
                                   advancedSettings.stickToGroundHelperDistance, Physics.AllLayers, QueryTriggerInteraction.Ignore))
            {
                if (Mathf.Abs(Vector3.Angle(hitInfo.normal, Vector3.up)) < 85f)
                {
                    m_RigidBody.velocity = Vector3.ProjectOnPlane(m_RigidBody.velocity, hitInfo.normal);
                }
            }
        }


        private Vector2 GetInput()
        {
            
            Vector2 input = new Vector2
                {
                    x = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Horizontal"),
                    y = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Vertical")
                };
			movementSettings.UpdateDesiredTargetSpeed(input);
            return input;
        }


        private void RotateView()
        {
            //avoids the mouse looking if the game is effectively paused
            if (Mathf.Abs(Time.timeScale) < float.Epsilon) return;

            // get the rotation before it's changed
            float oldYRotation = transform.eulerAngles.y;

            mouseLook.LookRotation (transform, cam.transform);

            if (m_IsGrounded || advancedSettings.airControl)
            {
                // Rotate the rigidbody velocity to match the new direction that the character is looking
                Quaternion velRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(transform.eulerAngles.y - oldYRotation, Vector3.up);
                m_RigidBody.velocity = velRotation*m_RigidBody.velocity;
            }
        }

        /// sphere cast down just beyond the bottom of the capsule to see if the capsule is colliding round the bottom
        private void GroundCheck()
        {
            m_PreviouslyGrounded = m_IsGrounded;
            RaycastHit hitInfo;
            if (Physics.SphereCast(transform.position, m_Capsule.radius * (1.0f - advancedSettings.shellOffset), Vector3.down, out hitInfo,
                                   ((m_Capsule.height/2f) - m_Capsule.radius) + advancedSettings.groundCheckDistance, Physics.AllLayers, QueryTriggerInteraction.Ignore))
            {
                m_IsGrounded = true;
                m_GroundContactNormal = hitInfo.normal;
            }
            else
            {
                m_IsGrounded = false;
                m_GroundContactNormal = Vector3.up;
            }
            if (!m_PreviouslyGrounded && m_IsGrounded && m_Jumping)
            {
                m_Jumping = false;
            }
        }
    }

MouseLook.cs:

public class MouseLook
    {
        public float XSensitivity = 2f;
        public float YSensitivity = 2f;
        public bool clampVerticalRotation = true;
        public float MinimumX = -90F;
        public float MaximumX = 90F;
        public bool smooth;
        public float smoothTime = 5f;
        public bool lockCursor = true;


        private Quaternion m_CharacterTargetRot;
        private Quaternion m_CameraTargetRot;
        private bool m_cursorIsLocked = true;

        public void Init(Transform character, Transform camera)
        {
            m_CharacterTargetRot = character.localRotation;
            m_CameraTargetRot = camera.localRotation;
        }


        public void LookRotation(Transform character, Transform camera)
        {
            float yRot = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Mouse X") * XSensitivity;
            float xRot = CrossPlatformInputManager.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * YSensitivity;

            m_CharacterTargetRot *= Quaternion.Euler (0f, yRot, 0f);
            m_CameraTargetRot *= Quaternion.Euler (-xRot, 0f, 0f);

            if(clampVerticalRotation)
                m_CameraTargetRot = ClampRotationAroundXAxis (m_CameraTargetRot);

            if(smooth)
            {
                character.localRotation = Quaternion.Slerp (character.localRotation, m_CharacterTargetRot,
                    smoothTime * Time.deltaTime);
                camera.localRotation = Quaternion.Slerp (camera.localRotation, m_CameraTargetRot,
                    smoothTime * Time.deltaTime);
            }
            else
            {
                character.localRotation = m_CharacterTargetRot;
                camera.localRotation = m_CameraTargetRot;
            }

            UpdateCursorLock();
        }

        public void SetCursorLock(bool value)
        {
            lockCursor = value;
            if(!lockCursor)
            {//we force unlock the cursor if the user disable the cursor locking helper
                Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;
                Cursor.visible = true;
            }
        }

        public void UpdateCursorLock()
        {
            //if the user set "lockCursor" we check & properly lock the cursos
            if (lockCursor)
                InternalLockUpdate();
        }

        private void InternalLockUpdate()
        {
            if(Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.Escape))
            {
                m_cursorIsLocked = false;
            }
            else if(Input.GetMouseButtonUp(0))
            {
                m_cursorIsLocked = true;
            }

            if (m_cursorIsLocked)
            {
                Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;
                Cursor.visible = false;
            }
            else if (!m_cursorIsLocked)
            {
                Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.None;
                Cursor.visible = true;
            }
        }

        Quaternion ClampRotationAroundXAxis(Quaternion q)
        {
            q.x /= q.w;
            q.y /= q.w;
            q.z /= q.w;
            q.w = 1.0f;

            float angleX = 2.0f * Mathf.Rad2Deg * Mathf.Atan (q.x);

            angleX = Mathf.Clamp (angleX, MinimumX, MaximumX);

            q.x = Mathf.Tan (0.5f * Mathf.Deg2Rad * angleX);

            return q;
        }

    }

將所有的牆的父物體設定為地板。

設定攝像機的位置和父物體：

執行程式：

3-5、出入口邏輯

出口用碰撞檢測，新建指令碼ExitControl.cs，編輯程式碼：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;

public class ExitControl : MonoBehaviour
{
    void OnCollisionEnter(Collider col)
    {
        if (col.gameObject.name == "Capsule")
        {
            SceneManager.LoadScene(SceneManager.GetActiveScene().name);
        }
    }
}

將程式碼附給Exit物件。

結束了。