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C#短訊息提示視窗位置及視窗大小詳解

2022-12-07 14:00:31

一 短訊息提示

短訊息提示Toast:

用於呈現一條短訊息,提示完成後即可自動消失;

特點:

① 彈出式視窗;

② 短文字,可以折行顯示;

③ 根據文字長度,自動調整大小;

④ 約1.5後,自動消失;

二 彈出視窗

在Winform中,所有的視窗都用Form實現,比如:

① 常規視窗Window;

② 對話方塊視窗Dialog;

③ 懸浮視窗FloatWindow;

④ 工具提示Tooltip;

⑤ 彈出式視窗Popup(如選單視窗、下拉選單視窗);

自定義一個Form類,即可定義一個視窗

public class myToast:Form
{

}

本視窗不需要邊框,位置和大小都是自己控制的。

建立並顯示視窗

myToast toast=new myToast();
toast.ShowMessage("This is a totas!");

子表單程式碼

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Drawing.Text;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 彈窗提示
{
    public partial class Toast : Form
    {
        private string message;
        public Toast()
        {
            //無邊框
            this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
            //背景白色
            this.BackColor = Color.White;
        }

        public void ShowMessage(string message)
        {
            this.message = message;

            //手動指定位置
            this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
            this.Location = new Point(0, 0);
            this.Size = new Size(300, 100);

            //顯示視窗
            this.Show();
        }

        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnPaint(e);

            Graphics g = e.Graphics;
            int w = this.Width, h = this.Height;
            Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, w, h);
            rect.Inflate(-4, -4);

            //平滑繪製,反鋸齒
            g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
            g.TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.AntiAliasGridFit;

            if(message!=null)
            {
                StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
                sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
                sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;

                Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
                g.DrawString(message, this.Font, brush, rect, sf);
                brush.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}

父表單程式碼

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 彈窗提示
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Toast toast = new Toast();
            toast.ShowMessage("This is a toast!");
        }
    }
}

三 視窗位置

toast視窗顯示時,相當於主視窗位置居中。

① 找到主視窗,得到主視窗的位置;

② 計算toast視窗的位置;

toast視窗顯示時,不剝奪主視窗的焦點,需要重寫ShowWithoutActivation

protected override bool ShowWithoutActivation
{
   get
   {
      return true;
   }
}

1 要點與細節

① 已知一個控制元件Control,可以得到它所在的視窗;

Form form=ctrl.FindForm();

子表單程式碼:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Drawing.Text;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 視窗位置
{
    public partial class Toast : Form
    {
        private string message;
        public Toast()
        {
            this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
            this.BackColor = Color.White;
            this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
        }
        //owner 可以是子視窗也可以是控制元件
        public void ShowMessage(Control owner,string message)
        {
            this.message = message;

            this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
            this.Size = new Size(300, 100);

            //找到owner所在的頂級視窗
            Form form = owner.FindForm();
            this.Owner = form;

            //使toast視窗相對主視窗居中
            Rectangle fr = new Rectangle(form.Location, form.Size);
            int x = fr.X + (fr.Width - this.Width) / 2;
            int y = fr.Y + (fr.Width - this.Height) / 2;
            this.Location = new Point(x, y);

            this.Show();
        }

        //焦點控制:本視窗不剝奪主視窗的焦點
        //否則,當toast視窗啟用時,主視窗焦點被剝奪
        protected override bool ShowWithoutActivation
        {
            get { return true; }
        }

        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnPaint(e);

            Graphics g = e.Graphics;
            int w = this.Width, h = this.Height;
            Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, w, h);
            rect.Inflate(-4, -4);

            //平滑繪製,反鋸齒
            g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
            g.TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.AntiAliasGridFit;

            if(message!=null)
            {
                StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
                sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
                sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;

                Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
                g.DrawString(message, this.Font, brush, rect, sf);
                brush.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}

父表單程式碼

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 視窗位置
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Toast toast = new Toast();
            toast.ShowMessage(button1, "中國人民解放軍!");
        }
    }
}

四 視窗大小

Toast的視窗的大小,應該根據訊息長度來調整,比如:

toast.ShowMessage(button1,"成功");
toast.ShowMessage(button1,"思密達");
toast.ShowMessage(button1,"程式設計是一種藝術");

使用Graphics.MeasureString()可以測算文字的尺寸

Graphics g=this.CreateGraphics();
SizeF size=g.MeasureString(str,this.Font,300);
g.Dispose();

注意,臨時建立的Graphics用完之後需要手工銷燬。

總結

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