Linux下使用iostat 監視I/O狀態

2020-06-16 17:46:47

Linux下我們可以使用 sar(1), pidstat(1), mpstat(1), vmstat(8) 來監控I/O狀態

一、安裝

yum install sysstat

二、引數解釋

FILES

/proc/stat contains system statistics.

/proc/uptime contains system uptime.

/proc/partitions contains disk statistics (for pre 2.5 kernels that have been patched).

/proc/diskstats contains disks statistics (for post 2.5 kernels).

/sys contains statistics for block devices (post 2.5 kernels).

/proc/self/mountstats contains statistics for network filesystems.

/dev/disk contains persistent device names.

CPU Utilization Report　

%user Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (applica-tion).

%nice Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level with nicepriority.

%system Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system level (kernel).

%iowait Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system had an outstand-ing disk I/O request.

%steal Show the percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervi-sor was servicing another virtual processor.

%idle Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstand-ing disk I/O request.

Device Utilization Report

tps Indicate the number of transfers per second that were issued to the device. A transfer is an I/O

request to the device. Multiple logical requests can be combined into a single I/O request to the

device. A transfer is of indeterminate size.

Blk_read/s Indicate the amount of data read from the device expressed in a number of blocks per second. Blocks

are equivalent to sectors with kernels 2.4 and later and therefore have a size of 512 bytes. With

older kernels, a block is of indeterminate size.

Blk_wrtn/s Indicate the amount of data written to the device expressed in a number of blocks per second.

Blk_read The total number of blocks read.

Blk_wrtn The total number of blocks written.

kB_read/s Indicate the amount of data read from the device expressed in kilobytes per second.

kB_wrtn/s Indicate the amount of data written to the device expressed in kilobytes per second.

kB_read The total number of kilobytes read.

kB_wrtn The total number of kilobytes written.

MB_read/s Indicate the amount of data read from the device expressed in megabytes per second.

MB_wrtn/s Indicate the amount of data written to the device expressed in megabytes per second.

MB_read The total number of megabytes read.

MB_wrtn The total number of megabytes written.

rrqm/s The number of read requests merged per second that were queued to the device.

wrqm/s The number of write requests merged per second that were queued to the device.

r/s The number of read requests that were issued to the device per second.

w/s The number of write requests that were issued to the device per second.

rsec/s The number of sectors read from the device per second.

wsec/s The number of sectors written to the device per second.

rkB/s The number of kilobytes read from the device per second.

wkB/s The number of kilobytes written to the device per second.

rMB/s The number of megabytes read from the device per second.

wMB/s The number of megabytes written to the device per second.

avgrq-sz The average size (in sectors) of the requests that were issued to the device.

avgqu-sz The average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device.

await The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device to be served. This includes the time spent by the requests in queue and the time spent servicing them.

svctm The average service time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests that were issued to the device. Warning! Do not trust this field any more. This field will be removed in a future sysstat version.

%util Percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were issued to the device (bandwidth utilization for the device). Device saturation occurs when this value is close to 100%.

Network Filesystem report

rBlk_nor/s Indicate the number of blocks read by applications via the read(2) system call interface. A block has a size of 512 bytes.

wBlk_nor/s Indicate the number of blocks written by applications via the write(2) system call interface.

rBlk_dir/s Indicate the number of blocks read from files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.

wBlk_dir/s Indicate the number of blocks written to files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.

rBlk_svr/s Indicate the number of blocks read from the server by the NFS client via an NFS READ request.

wBlk_svr/s Indicate the number of blocks written to the server by the NFS client via an NFS WRITE request.

rkB_nor/s Indicate the number of kilobytes read by applications via the read(2) system call interface.

wkB_nor/s Indicate the number of kilobytes written by applications via the write(2) system call interface.

rkB_dir/s Indicate the number of kilobytes read from files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.

wkB_dir/s Indicate the number of kilobytes written to files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.

rkB_svr/s Indicate the number of kilobytes read from the server by the NFS client via an NFS READ request.

wkB_svr/s Indicate the number of kilobytes written to the server by the NFS client via an NFS WRITE request.

rMB_nor/s Indicate the number of megabytes read by applications via the read(2) system call interface.

wMB_nor/s Indicate the number of megabytes written by applications via the write(2) system call interface.

rMB_dir/s Indicate the number of megabytes read from files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.

wMB_dir/s Indicate the number of megabytes written to files opened with the O_DIRECT flag.

rMB_svr/s Indicate the number of megabytes read from the server by the NFS client via an NFS READ request.

wMB_svr/s Indicate the number of megabytes written to the server by the NFS client via an NFS WRITE request.

ops/s Indicate the number of operations that were issued to the filesystem per second.

rops/s Indicate the number of ’read’ operations that were issued to the filesystem per second.

wops/s Indicate the number of ’write’ operations that were issued to the filesystem per second.

命令引數

-C 顯示CPU使用情況

-d 顯示磁碟使用情況

-k 以 KB 為單位顯示

-m 以 M 為單位顯示

-N 顯示磁碟陣列(LVM) 資訊

-n 顯示NFS 使用情況

-p[磁碟] 顯示磁碟和分割區的情況

-t 顯示終端和CPU的資訊

-x 顯示詳細資訊

-V 顯示版本資訊

三、使用方式

Device Utilization Report

[root@localhost ~]# iostat -d -k 2 4

Linux 2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64 (localhost) 01/08/2016 _x86_64_ (4 CPU)

Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn

xvda 114.22 13.80 713.21 372234513 19241775188

xvdb 19.26 21.24 144.25 573067009 3891812336

Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn

xvda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0

xvdb 4.50 0.00 18.00 0 36

Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn

xvda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0

xvdb 10.50 0.00 42.00 0 84

Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn

xvda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0

xvdb 20.50 0.00 86.00 0 172

引數說明

tps：該裝置每秒的傳輸次數，多個邏輯請求可以組合成一個單一的 I/O 請求的裝置。傳輸具有不確定的大小。
kB_read/s：每秒從裝置讀取的資料量
kB_wrtn/s：每秒向裝置寫入的資料量
kB_read：讀取的總資料量
kB_wrtn：寫入的總數量資料量

[root@localhost ~]# iostat -d -x -k 1 10

Linux 2.6.32-431.11.2.el6.x86_64 (localhost) 01/08/2016 _x86_64_ (4 CPU)

Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util

xvda 0.02 0.69 0.56 113.65 13.80 713.21 12.73 0.00 0.03 0.48 5.53

xvdb 0.02 17.88 1.07 18.19 21.24 144.27 17.19 0.13 6.71 1.69 3.25

Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util

xvda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

xvdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 20.00 8.00 0.11 22.00 4.40 2.20

Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util

xvda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

xvdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 0.00 64.00 8.00 0.80 50.19 6.81 10.90

總IO(io)/s = r/s(讀) +w/s(寫)

平均等待時間 = 單個 I/O 服務時間 * ( 1 + 2 + … + 請求總數-1) / 請求總數

引數說明

rrqm/s:每秒進行 merge 的讀運算元目.即 delta(rmerge)/s
wrqm/s:每秒進行 merge 的寫運算元目.即 delta(wmerge)/s
r/s:每秒完成的讀 I/O 裝置次數.即 delta(rio)/s
w/s:每秒完成的寫 I/O 裝置次數.即 delta(wio)/s
rsec/s:每秒讀磁區數.即 delta(rsect)/s
wsec/s:每秒寫磁區數.即 delta(wsect)/s
rkB/s:每秒讀K位元組數.是 rsect/s 的一半,因為每磁區大小為512位元組.(需要計算)
wkB/s:每秒寫K位元組數.是 wsect/s 的一半.(需要計算)
avgrq-sz: 平均每次裝置I/O操作的資料大小 (磁區).delta(rsect+wsect)/delta(rio+wio)
avgqu-sz: 平均I/O佇列長度.即 delta(aveq)/s/1000 (因為aveq的單位為毫秒).
await:平均每次裝置I/O操作的等待時間 (毫秒).即 delta(ruse+wuse)/delta(rio+wio)
svctm:平均每次裝置I/O操作的服務時間 (毫秒).即 delta(use)/delta(rio+wio)
%util:一秒中有百分之多少的時間用於 I/O 操作,或者說一秒中有多少時間 I/O 佇列是非空的.即 delta(use)/s/1000 (因為use的單位為毫秒)