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Mac平台上OpenCV開發環境搭建

2020-06-16 17:33:59

介紹下如何在Mac OS X上進行OpenCV專案的開發,嘗試的開發工具有Xcode(版本是4.6.1)和Eclipse,使用的OpenCV版本是2.4.6。

如果只是需要OpenCV的相關標頭檔案以及動態庫,請直接執行brew install opencv(如果安裝了Homebrew的話),如果不行,請看下面的OpenCV原始碼編譯安裝過程。

1.安裝CMake

安裝CMake可以使用MacPorts,也可以使用Homebrew,如果以前安裝過兩者中的任何一個就用那個進行安裝吧,我用的是Homebrew,推薦使用Homebrew,真正的“佳釀”,命令如下:

sudo port install cmake //macports
sudo brew install cmake //homebrew

2.編譯OpenCV

OpenCV下載地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

目前最新版本是2.4.8,我使用的是2.4.6,下載後解壓,執行下面程式碼:

cd <path-to-opencv-source>
mkdir release
cd release
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .. 
make
sudo make install

[完成之後在/usr/local/include目錄下便有了opencvopencv2兩個目錄,在/usr/local/lib目錄下有很多的opencv相關的動態庫,例如libopencv_core.dylib等等,還有幾個其他的檔案,它們都存放在/usr/local目錄下]

[註1:如果不需要了,想要解除安裝 OpenCV的話,可以回到release目錄,執行sudo make uninstall,然後手動刪除一些/usr/local下與OpenCV有關的目錄和檔案]

[註2:如果不想把OpenCV安裝在預設的/usr/local/目錄下的話,例如為了防止Homebrew中對opencv部分的報錯,而又無法使用Homebrew正常安裝opencv的情況下,可以考慮將opencv安裝到其他的位置,修改CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local即可,但是在Eclipse中的專案中可能會出現問題,詳情看後面]

其他參考內容:

Building OpenCV from Source Using CMake, Using the Command Line

Installing OpenCV

3.使用Xcode進行OpenCV專案開發

1.Open Xcode, choose New -> New Project -> Command Line Tool

2.Name it and select C++ for type

3.Click on your project from the left menu. Click the build settings tab from the top. Filter all. Scroll to Search Paths. Under header search paths, for debug and release, set the path to /usr/local/include. Under library search paths, set the path to $(PROJECT_DIR). Finally, check if C++ standard library is libstdc++ or not, if not, change it to this!

4.Click on your project from the left menu. File->New->New Group, Name the group OpenCV Frameworks.

5.Select the folder (group) you just labeled, OpenCV Frameworks in the left menu. Go to File -> add Files, Type /, which will allow you to manually go to a folder. Go to -> /usr/local/lib

6.Select both of these files, libopencv_core.dylib, libopencv_highgui.dylib, and click Add. (you may need to add other library files from this folder to run other code.)

7.You must include this line of code in the beginning of your main.cpp file:
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

可以修改main.cpp,程式碼如下,執行結果就是顯示一張指定的圖片。

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Mat image;
    image = imread("/Users/hujiawei/Pictures/others/other_naicha/naicha.jpg", 1);
    namedWindow("Display Image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("Display Image", image);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

其他參考內容:

C++ linking error after upgrading to Mac OS X 10.9 / Xcode 5.0.1

MathLink linking error after OS X 10.9 (Mavericks) upgrade

4.使用Eclipse進行OpenCV專案開發

如果使用Eclipse開發的話按照下面的步驟進行:

1.按照正常的步驟,使用Eclipse建立一個Mac C++工程,包含一個cpp檔案

2.右擊工程名, 選擇Properties,在屬性設定頁中選擇,點選C/C++ Build, 在下拉選項中選擇 Settings. 在右邊的索引標籤中選擇 Tool Settings

3.在GCC C++ Compiler選項列表中選擇Includes,在Include paths(-l)中新增安裝好的opencv的標頭檔案存放目錄:/usr/local/include/ [存放opencv標頭檔案的目錄,自行看情況而定]

4.在MacOS X C++Linker選項列表中選擇Library,在Library search path (-L)中新增安裝好的opencv dylib檔案存放目錄:/usr/local/lib/ [經過我的測試只能是這個目錄!其他目錄甚至是它的子目錄都不行!如果在其他路徑中,複製過來也行!]

5.在MacOS X C++Linker選項列表中選擇Library, 在Libraries(-l) 中依次點選號,新增需要使用的lib檔案(通常情況下,使用前三個,注意不要包括字首lib,可以新增版本號):

opencv_core opencv_imgproc opencv_highgui opencv_ml opencv_video opencv_features2d opencv_calib3d opencv_objdetect opencv_contrib opencv_legacy opencv_flann

6.重新build專案即可。

如果遇到問題ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64,先檢查程式碼中是否需要包含還沒有新增的庫檔案,再檢查是否是其他問題。如果是Mac平台,下面還有一個關於問題ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64的解釋可供參考:

There are two implementations of the standard C++ library available on OS X: libstdc++ and libc++. They are not binary compatible and libMLi3 requires libstdc++.
On 10.8 and earlier libstdc++ is chosen by default, on 10.9 libc++ is chosen by default. To ensure compatibility with libMLi3, we need to choose libstdc++ manually.
To do this, add -stdlib=libstdc++ to the linking command.

更多相關內容參考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135030.htm

5.閱讀開源專案

閱讀開源專案Mastering OpenCV with Practical Computer Vision Projects中的程式碼,以第8章Face Recognition using Eigenfaces or Fisherfaces為例

編寫一個shell,內容如下(修改自README.txt),其中的OpenCV_DIR為OpenCV原始碼編譯後得到的資料夾(如上面的release目錄),執行這個shell便可以得到Xcode專案,當然開啟這個專案之後還要修改相應的設定。

 
export OpenCV_DIR="/Volumes/hujiawei/Users/hujiawei/Android/opencv-2.4.6.1/build"
mkdir build
cd build
cp $OpenCV_DIR/../data/lbpcascades/lbpcascade_frontalface.xml .
cp $OpenCV_DIR/../data/haarcascades/haarcascade_eye.xml .
cp $OpenCV_DIR/../data/haarcascades/haarcascade_eye_tree_eyeglasses.xml .
cmake -G Xcode -D OpenCV_DIR=$OpenCV_DIR ..

OpenCV官方教學中文版(For Python) PDF  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/121400.htm

Ubuntu Linux下安裝OpenCV2.4.1所需包 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-08/68184.htm

Ubuntu 12.04 安裝 OpenCV2.4.2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70158.htm

CentOS下OpenCV無法讀取視訊檔 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-07/39295.htm

Ubuntu 12.04下安裝OpenCV 2.4.5總結 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86704.htm

Ubuntu 10.04中安裝OpenCv2.1九步曲 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2010-09/28678.htm

基於QT和OpenCV的臉部辨識系統 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-11/47806.htm


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