wget和curl方式下載JDK

有時候我們需要在Linux伺服器上安裝Oracle JDK，這時候我們發現直接複製網頁上面的地址是不能下載的

以下載jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz為例，右鍵檢視到的地址為http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/Java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz，但是這個地址並不能直接下載

通過瀏覽器開發工具觀察我們發現，下載時經過了3次重定向才拿到最終的下載地址，並且Cookies中有個引數必須帶上

將這幾個302跳轉複製成curl觀察一下

第一次重定向

curl "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz" -H "Host: download.oracle.com" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0" -H "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8" -H "Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3" --compressed -H "Referer: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html" -H "Cookie: s_nr=1472257078143; ELOQUA=GUID=e0964a7736384dc98085509e60e04539; s_cc=true; gpw_e24=http"%"3A"%"2F"%"2Fwww.oracle.com"%"2Ftechnetwork"%"2Fjava"%"2Fjavase"%"2Fdownloads"%"2Fjdk8-downloads-2133151.html; s_sq="%"5B"%"5BB"%"5D"%"5D; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" -H "Connection: keep-alive"第二次重定向

curl "https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz" -H "Host: edelivery.oracle.com" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0" -H "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8" -H "Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3" --compressed -H "Referer: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html" -H "Cookie: ARU_LANG=US; s_nr=1472257078143; ELOQUA=GUID=e0964a7736384dc98085509e60e04539; s_cc=true; gpw_e24=http"%"3A"%"2F"%"2Fwww.oracle.com"%"2Ftechnetwork"%"2Fjava"%"2Fjavase"%"2Fdownloads"%"2Fjdk8-downloads-2133151.html; s_sq="%"5B"%"5BB"%"5D"%"5D; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" -H "Connection: keep-alive"第三次重定向

curl "https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc-otn/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz" -H "Host: edelivery.oracle.com" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0" -H "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8" -H "Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3" --compressed -H "Referer: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html" -H "Cookie: ARU_LANG=US; s_nr=1472257078143; ELOQUA=GUID=e0964a7736384dc98085509e60e04539; s_cc=true; gpw_e24=http"%"3A"%"2F"%"2Fwww.oracle.com"%"2Ftechnetwork"%"2Fjava"%"2Fjavase"%"2Fdownloads"%"2Fjdk8-downloads-2133151.html; s_sq="%"5B"%"5BB"%"5D"%"5D; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" -H "Connection: keep-alive"真實下載

curl "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz?AuthParam=1472300350_2a4acf9c53c18478db4839cbf7ec69c6" -H "Host: download.oracle.com" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0" -H "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8" -H "Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3" --compressed -H "Referer: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html" -H "Cookie: s_nr=1472257078143; ELOQUA=GUID=e0964a7736384dc98085509e60e04539; s_cc=true; gpw_e24=http"%"3A"%"2F"%"2Fwww.oracle.com"%"2Ftechnetwork"%"2Fjava"%"2Fjavase"%"2Fdownloads"%"2Fjdk8-downloads-2133151.html; s_sq="%"5B"%"5BB"%"5D"%"5D; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" -H "Connection: keep-alive"其中真實下載地址中的AuthParam每次都會變化。

curl要通過-O引數才能下載檔案，否則只是將內容輸出到控制台。

所以curl方式的下載命令為

curl -L "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz" -H "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie"  -H "Connection: keep-alive" -O
其中-L引數能夠追蹤重定向的地址，不加-L只能返回302的結果，cookies中有用的內容是同意協定那一部分，Connection: keep-alive這句要加上，否則下載速度會變成蝸牛

執行結果如下

[root@myCentOS ~]# curl -L "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz" -H "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie"  -H "Connection: keep-alive" -O
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed  Time    Time    Time  Current
                                Dload  Upload  Total  Spent    Left  Speed
  8  174M    8 14.1M    0    0  404k      0  0:07:23  0:00:35  0:06:48  463k

同樣的wget方式的下載命令為，wget的好處可以自動重定向，不用我們操心

wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz
其中 --no-check-certificate表示不校驗SSL證書，因為中間的兩個302會存取https，會涉及到證書的問題，不校驗能快一點，影響不大，另一個--no-cookies表示不使用cookies,當然首次在header裡指定的會帶上，後面重定向的就不帶了，這個影響也不大，可以不加。

[root@mycentos downloads]# wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz
--2016-08-27 20:47:52--  http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz
Resolving download.oracle.com... 206.160.170.51, 206.160.170.9
Connecting to download.oracle.com|206.160.170.51|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz [following]
--2016-08-27 20:47:52--  https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz
Resolving edelivery.oracle.com... 60.254.134.143
Connecting to edelivery.oracle.com|60.254.134.143|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc-otn/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz [following]
--2016-08-27 20:47:53--  https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc-otn/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz
Reusing existing connection to edelivery.oracle.com:443.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz?AuthParam=1472302193_c5af865490ac9f21f2605a3abee94745 [following]
--2016-08-27 20:47:53--  http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz?AuthParam=1472302193_c5af865490ac9f21f2605a3abee94745
Connecting to download.oracle.com|206.160.170.51|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 183456778 (175M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: “jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz.1”

 2% [==>                                  ] 4,740,512    863K/s  eta 4m 40s

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本文永久更新連結地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-10/135925.htm