2021-05-12 14:32:11
Python獲取Linux或Windows系統的基本資訊
2020-06-16 17:21:37
前面寫了一篇名為《利用Python指令碼獲取Windows和Linux的系統版本資訊》，本篇利用這篇文章中的知識提供一個增強版本的獲取資訊的Python指令碼。執行後，看起來就像登入Ubuntu Linux系統時提示的motd資訊一樣，可以看到：
- 系統的型別、發行版本（具體資訊）、核心版本等
- 當前系統的時間、時區
- 系統每一個CPU核心的負載和CPU整體負載
- 進程數量
- 根分割區的磁碟空間，Windows下預設C槽
- 登入的使用者總數和每一個登入到系統的使用者的資訊
- 記憶體和交換分割區的利用率
- 預設網絡卡的IP地址
- 系統啟動時間和已執行時間
執行截圖如下：
（1）Linux下截圖：
（2）Windows下截圖：
Python程式碼如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding: utf-8
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
"""
Created by PyCharm.
File: LinuxBashShellScriptForOps:getSystemStatus.py
User: Guodong
Create Date: 2016/8/18
Create Time: 15:32
"""
import platform
import psutil
import subprocess
import os
import sys
import time
import re
import prettytable
mswindows = (sys.platform == "win32") # learning from 'subprocess' module
linux = (sys.platform == "linux2")
def getLocalIP():
import netifaces
routingNicName = netifaces.gateways()['default'][netifaces.AF_INET][1]
for interface in netifaces.interfaces():
if interface == routingNicName:
try:
routingIPAddr = netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET][0]['addr']
return interface, routingIPAddr
except KeyError:
pass
def getUser():
if linux:
proc_obj = subprocess.Popen(r'tty', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
tty = proc_obj.communicate()[0]
else:
tty = []
user_object = psutil.users()
for login in user_object:
username, login_tty, login_host, login_time = [SUSEr for suser in login]
print username, login_tty, login_host, time.strftime('%b %d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(login_time)),
if login_tty in tty:
print '**current user**'
else:
print
def getTimeZone():
return time.strftime("%Z", time.gmtime())
def getTimeNow():
now = time.strftime('%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z', time.localtime(time.time()))
return now
def printHeader():
if linux:
try:
with open('/etc/issue') as f:
content = f.read().strip()
output_list = re.split(r' ', content)
linux_type = list(output_list)[0]
except IOError:
pass
else:
if linux_type is not None:
return "Welcome to %s (%s %s %s)n System information as of %s" % (
linux_type, platform.system(), platform.release(), platform.machine(), getTimeNow()
)
else:
return
if mswindows:
def get_system_encoding():
import codecs
import locale
"""
The encoding of the default system locale but falls back to the given
fallback encoding if the encoding is unsupported by python or could
not be determined. See tickets #10335 and #5846
"""
try:
encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'ascii'
codecs.lookup(encoding)
except Exception:
encoding = 'ascii'
return encoding
DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING = get_system_encoding()
import _winreg
try:
reg_key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersion")
if reg_key:
ProductName = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "ProductName")[0] or None
EditionId = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "EditionId")[0] or None
ReleaseId = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "ReleaseId")[0] or None
BuildLabEx = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "BuildLabEx")[0][:9] or None
return "%s, %s [%s]rnVersion %s (OS Internal Version %s)" % (
ProductName, EditionId, platform.version(), ReleaseId, BuildLabEx)
except Exception as e:
print e.message.decode(DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING)
def getHostname():
return platform.node()
def getCPU():
return [x / 100.0 for x in psutil.cpu_percent(interval=0, percpu=True)]
def getLoadAverage():
if linux:
import multiprocessing
k = 1.0
k /= multiprocessing.cpu_count()
if os.path.exists('/proc/loadavg'):
return [float(open('/proc/loadavg').read().split()[x]) * k for x in range(3)]
else:
tokens = subprocess.check_output(['uptime']).split()
return [float(x.strip(',')) * k for x in tokens[-3:]]
if mswindows:
# print psutil.cpu_percent()
# print psutil.cpu_times_percent()
# print psutil.cpu_times()
# print psutil.cpu_stats()
return "%.2f%%" % psutil.cpu_percent()
def getMemory():
v = psutil.virtual_memory()
return {
'used': v.total - v.available,
'free': v.available,
'total': v.total,
'percent': v.percent,
}
def getVirtualMemory():
v = psutil.swap_memory()
return {
'used': v.used,
'free': v.free,
'total': v.total,
'percent': v.percent
}
def getUptime():
uptime_file = "/proc/uptime"
if os.path.exists(uptime_file):
with open(uptime_file, 'r') as f:
return f.read().split(' ')[0].strip("n")
else:
return time.time() - psutil.boot_time()
def getUptime2():
boot_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(psutil.boot_time()))
print "system start at: %s" % boot_time,
uptime_total_seconds = time.time() - psutil.boot_time()
uptime_days = int(uptime_total_seconds / 24 / 60 / 60)
uptime_hours = int(uptime_total_seconds / 60 / 60 % 24)
uptime_minutes = int(uptime_total_seconds / 60 % 60)
uptime_seconds = int(uptime_total_seconds % 60)
print "uptime: %d days %d hours %d minutes %d seconds" % (uptime_days, uptime_hours, uptime_minutes, uptime_seconds)
user_number = len(psutil.users())
print "%d user:" % user_number
print " "
for user_tuple in psutil.users():
user_name = user_tuple[0]
user_terminal = user_tuple[1]
user_host = user_tuple[2]
user_login_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(user_tuple[3]))
print " |- user online: %s, login from %s with terminal %s at %s" % (
user_name, user_host, user_terminal, user_login_time)
cpu_count = psutil.cpu_count()
try:
with open('/proc/loadavg', 'r') as f:
loadavg_c = f.read().split(' ')
loadavg = dict()
if loadavg_c is not None:
loadavg['lavg_1'] = loadavg_c[0]
loadavg['lavg_5'] = loadavg_c[1]
loadavg['lavg_15'] = loadavg_c[2]
loadavg['nr'] = loadavg_c[3]
loadavg['last_pid'] = loadavg_c[4]
print "load average: %s, %s, %s" % (loadavg['lavg_1'], loadavg['lavg_5'], loadavg['lavg_15'])
if float(loadavg['lavg_15']) > cpu_count:
print "Note: cpu 15 min load is high!"
if float(loadavg['lavg_5']) > cpu_count:
print "Note: cpu 5 min load is high!"
if float(loadavg['lavg_1']) > cpu_count:
print "Note: cpu 1 min load is high!"
except IOError:
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
header = printHeader()
print header
print
system_load = str(getLoadAverage()).strip("[]")
user_logged_in = len(psutil.users())
info_of_root_partition = psutil.disk_usage("/")
percent_of_root_partition_usage = "%.2f%%" % (
float(info_of_root_partition.used) * 100 / float(info_of_root_partition.total))
total_size_of_root_partition = "%.2f" % (float(psutil.disk_usage("/").total / 1024) / 1024 / 1024)
memory_info = getMemory()
memory_usage = "%.2f%%" % (float(memory_info['used']) * 100 / float(memory_info['total']))
swap_info = getVirtualMemory()
swap_usage = "%.2f%%" % (float(swap_info['used']) * 100 / float(swap_info['total']))
local_ip_address = getLocalIP()
table = prettytable.PrettyTable(border=False, header=False, left_padding_width=2)
table.field_names = ["key1", "value1", "key2", "value2"]
table.add_row(["System load:", system_load, "Processes:", len(list(psutil.process_iter()))])
table.add_row(["Usage of /:", "%s of %sGB" % (percent_of_root_partition_usage, total_size_of_root_partition),
"Users logged in:", user_logged_in])
table.add_row(["Memory usage:", memory_usage, "IP address for %s:" % local_ip_address[0], local_ip_address[1]])
table.add_row(["Swap usage:", swap_usage, "", ""])
for field in table.field_names:
table.align[field] = "l"
print table.get_string()
print
getUser()
print
getUptime2()
註：指令碼內容可以到Linux公社資源站下載：
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免費下載地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/
使用者名稱與密碼都是www.linuxidc.com
具體下載目錄在 /2017年資料/2月/10日/Python獲取Linux或Windows系統的基本資訊/
下載方法見 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87684.htm
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已知存在問題：
- 暫時未實現獲取Windows下網絡卡的中文可視名稱
- Windows下的tty名稱預設為None，暫時沒有設定對使用者友好的顯示
- Ubuntu Linux上motd資訊的使用者登入數量顯示為同一使用者同一個IP的多個使用者視為同一使用者，指令碼中視為不同使用者
- 首次執行可能需要安裝依賴的地方庫，如psutil、platform、prettytable、netifaces等，請使用easy_install、pip、conda等安裝。
- 其他的因為時間原因未指出和未實現的問題，歡迎在文章下面評論留言和在GitHub上提issue
--end--
本文永久更新連結地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140490.htm
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