2021-05-12 14:32:11
使用yum安裝cmake
2020-06-16 17:21:04
一、搜尋yum源中的CMake，檢視源中最新的版本是什麼，使用命令[root@localhost ~]# yum search cmake ，如果搜尋出的結果過多可以配合grep命令來控制搜尋結果。
[root@localhost ~]# yum search cmake Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn ============================================== N/S Matched: cmake ================================================
cmake-gui.i686 : Qt GUI for cmake cmake.i686 : Cross-platform make system Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@localhost ~]#
二、檢視yum源中的cmake版本
[root@localhost ~]# yum list cmake | grep cmake cmake.i686 2.8.12.2-4.el6 @base [root@localhost ~]#
三、檢視yum源中的cmake安裝包的cmake二進位制檔案（即：cmake命令）安裝到系統中的真實目錄，安裝後可以通過which或whereis命令檢視。
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides */cmake Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com 6:kdelibs-devel-4.3.4-28.el6.i686 : Header files for compiling KDE 4 applications Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/kde4/apps/cmake ...... soprano-2.3.1-1.2.el6.i686 : Qt wrapper API to different RDF storage solutions Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/soprano/cmake cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.i686 : Cross-platform make system Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/cmake/completions/cmake Filename : /usr/share/cmake Filename : /usr/bin/cmake [root@localhost ~]#
從上面的記錄可知yum源中的cmake包中的cmake命令會安裝在/usr/bin目錄，在yum安裝jdk時javac和java等命令其實不是在/usr/bin 目錄下。
執行命令 yum provides */javac 或 yum provides */java 結果如下：
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides */javac Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com 1:java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc-1.7.0.99-2.6.5.1.el6.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/javadoc/java-1.7.0-openjdk/jdk/api/javac ...... 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el6_8.i686 : OpenJDK Development Environment Repo : installed Matched from: Filename : /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el6_8.i386/bin/javac [root@localhost ~]#
發現其實是安裝到/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el6_8.i386/bin 目錄下
1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el6_8.i686 : OpenJDK Development Environment
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el6_8.i386/bin/javac
但是使用which和whereis命令檢視發現是 /usr/bin目錄，為啥？原因是通過alternatives對映，第五步中會有詳細解釋。
[root@localhost ~]# which javac
/usr/bin/javac
[root@localhost ~]# whereis javac
javac: /usr/bin/javac /usr/share/man/man1/javac.1.gz
[root@localhost ~]#
四、執行yum -y install cmake 命令安裝 cmake-2.8.12.2-4
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install cmake Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package cmake.i686 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================== Installing: cmake i686 2.8.12.2-4.el6 base 8.0 M Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 8.0 M Installed size: 28 M Downloading Packages: cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.i686.rpm | 8.0 MB 00:11 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.i686 1/1 Verifying : cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.i686 1/1 Installed: cmake.i686 0:2.8.12.2-4.el6 Complete! [root@localhost ~]#
檢視是否安裝成功使用命令yum命令或rpm命令都是可以的如下：
使用yum 命令檢視
[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep cmake cmake.i686 2.8.12.2-4.el6 @base [root@localhost ~]#
已經安裝成功了。
使用rpm命令檢視
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep cmake cmake-2.8.12.2-4.el6.i686 [root@localhost ~]#
也是可以的。
五、設定環境變數，通過上面的第三步的yum provides */cmak 命令可以看到cmke命令確實是安裝在 /usr/bin 目錄下所以不需要獨設定環境變數直接執行cmake -version 檢視cmake版本，原始碼安裝的cmake是需要設定環境變數的。
[root@localhost ~]# cmake -version cmake version 2.8.12.2 [root@localhost ~]#
也不是所有採用yum安裝的程式都會可執行二進位制檔案都會預設安裝到 /usr/bin 下，例如yum安裝jdk時可執行的二進位制檔案或命令都放在/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.121-0.b13.el6_8.i386/bin 下，執行java -version 也是可以的，為什麼？因為在alternatives中註冊，在/etc/alternatives目錄下會產生一些連結到/usr/lib/jvm/中剛安裝好的jdk版本。
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註：因為採用yum安裝jdk，系統考慮到多版本的問題，會用alternatives進行版本控制。開始，相應版本的jdk安裝在/usr/lib/jvm/之後，會在alternatives中註冊，在/etc/alternatives目錄下會產生一些連結到/usr/lib/jvm/中剛安裝好的jdk版本。連結如下：
/usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
/etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.i386/bin/java
為什麼？
因為在/usr/bin下面會有連結到/etc/alternatives的相應的檔案。通過ls -l 命令檢視對映關係。使用ls命令檢視檔案如果檢視指定檔名並且不止一個檔案時ls -l [file1 file2 file3 ...]
[root@localhost bin]# ls -l /usr/bin/java /usr/bin/javac lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Feb 25 16:17 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Feb 25 16:17 /usr/bin/javac -> /etc/alternatives/javac [root@localhost bin]# ls -l /etc/alternatives/java /etc/alternatives/javac lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 44 Feb 25 16:17 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.i386/bin/java lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 Feb 25 16:17 /etc/alternatives/javac -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk.i386/bin/javac [root@localhost bin]#
根據上面的資訊追蹤發現/usr/bin/java 下的java二進位制命令是通過alternatives對映到了/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.i386/bin下的java二進位制檔案。
這樣，java命令不用設定環境變數，就可以正常執行了。但如果對於tomcat或其他軟體來說還是要設定環境變數。
同樣，如果安裝新的版本jdk，就會重新連結到最新安裝的jdk版本。當然，也可以使用alternatives修改所要使用的版本。
本文永久更新連結地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/141089.htm
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