Tmux – Linux終端管理軟體

tmux是一個優秀的終端複用軟體，類似GNU Screen，但來自於OpenBSD，採用BSD授權。使用它最直觀的好處就是，通過一個終端登入遠端主機並執行tmux後，在其中可以開啟多個控制台而無需再“浪費”多餘的終端來連線這台遠端主機；當然其功能遠不止於此。與screen相比的優點：可以橫向和縱向分割視窗，且窗格可以自由移動和調整大小。可在多個緩衝區進行複製和貼上，支援跨視窗搜尋；非正常斷線後不需重新detach；…… 有人說——與tmux相比，screen簡直弱爆了。

下載原始碼包： 
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/tmux/tmux-1.8.tar.gz

編譯tmux-1.8時，可能出現如下錯誤： 
control.c: In function ‘control_callback’:
control.c:63: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘evbuffer_readln’
control.c:63: error: ‘EVBUFFER_EOL_LF’ undeclared (first use in this function)
control.c:63: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
control.c:63: error: for each function it appears in.)
control.c:63: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
make: *** [control.o] Error 1

原因是使用的libevent的版本太低造成的，tmux1.8要求libevent>= 2.0.10-stable

編譯libevent 
yum -y install ncurses-devel #依賴包
tar xzf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-2.0.21-stable
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
 
tar xzf tmux-1.8.tar.gz
cd tmux-1.8
CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L//usr/local/lib" ./configure
make && make install1
 
<strong>直接./configure不能通過編譯，報如下錯誤：</strong>
1cmd-capture-pane.o: In function `cmd_capture_pane_pending':
cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x356): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x367): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-load-buffer.o: In function `cmd_load_buffer_callback':
cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
cmd-pipe-pane.o: In function `cmd_pipe_pane_exec':
cmd-pipe-pane.c:(.text+0x2bf): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-run-shell.o: In function `cmd_run_shell_callback':
cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x315): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x3fe): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
cmd-set-option.o: In function `cmd_set_option_exec':
cmd-set-option.c:(.text+0xc90): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
control.o: In function `control_callback':
control.c:(.text+0x15f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_readln'
control-notify.o: In function `control_notify_input':
control-notify.c:(.text+0x3ef): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
control-notify.c:(.text+0x3fa): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
format.o: In function `format_window_pane_tabs':
format.c:(.text+0xe05): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
format.c:(.text+0xe3b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
format.c:(.text+0xe45): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
input.o: In function `input_set_state':
input.c:(.text+0x1b97): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
input.o: In function `input_parse':
input.c:(.text+0x1bd8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
input.c:(.text+0x1c35): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
input.c:(.text+0x1c43): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
job.o: In function `job_write_callback':
job.c:(.text+0x12): undefined reference to `bufferevent_get_output'
job.c:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
names.o: In function `queue_window_name':
names.c:(.text+0x144): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
names.o: In function `window_name_callback':
names.c:(.text+0x237): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-client.o: In function `server_client_check_exit':
server-client.c:(.text+0xbca): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-client.c:(.text+0xbdc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-client.c:(.text+0xbee): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-client.o: In function `server_client_lost':
server-client.c:(.text+0x1835): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-client.c:(.text+0x1859): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-client.c:(.text+0x1937): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-fn.o: In function `server_update_event':
server-fn.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-fn.o: In function `server_set_identify':
server-fn.c:(.text+0x2e7): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stdout':
server-fn.c:(.text+0xd9f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-fn.c:(.text+0xdcc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stderr':
server-fn.c:(.text+0xe6b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-fn.c:(.text+0xe98): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
server.o: In function `server_add_accept':
server.c:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
status.o: In function `status_message_set':
status.c:(.text+0x2484): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
status.o: In function `status_job_callback':
status.c:(.text+0x25e8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
status.c:(.text+0x2623): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
tty-keys.o: In function `tty_keys_next':
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6b7): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6cb): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x771): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x843): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x8f9): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
tty.o: In function `tty_close':
tty.c:(.text+0x326c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
window.o: In function `window_pane_read_callback':
window.c:(.text+0x276b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
window.c:(.text+0x2791): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
window.c:(.text+0x27e1): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
window.o: In function `window_pane_destroy':
window.c:(.text+0x2e5a): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
window.o: In function `window_destroy':
window.c:(.text+0x36c5): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [tmux] Error 1

執行tmux可能出現如下錯誤：
tmux: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.0.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解決辦法：建立相應的symbol link
if [ `getconf WORD_BIT` = '32' ] && [ `getconf LONG_BIT` = '64' ] ; then
    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
else
    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5
fi

tmux操作手冊
類似各種平鋪式視窗管理器，tmux使用鍵盤操作，常用快捷鍵包括：

tmux設定
tmux的系統級組態檔為/etc/tmux.conf，使用者級組態檔為~/.tmux.conf。組態檔實際上就是tmux的命令集合，也就是說每行設定均可在進入命令列模式後輸入生效。
 下面是一個~/.tmux.conf的範例，其中包括了一些常用的設定：
#此類設定可以在命令列模式中輸入show-options -g查詢
set-option -g base-index 1                        #視窗的初始序號；預設為0，這裡設定為1
set-option -g display-time 5000                  #提示資訊的持續時間；設定足夠的時間以避免看不清提示，單位為毫秒
set-option -g repeat-time 1000                    #控制台啟用後的持續時間；設定合適的時間以避免每次操作都要先啟用控制台，單位為毫秒
set-option -g status-keys vi                      #操作狀態列時的預設鍵盤佈局；可以設定為vi或emacs
set-option -g status-right "#(date +%H:%M' ')"    #狀態列右方的內容；這裡的設定將得到類似23:59的顯示
set-option -g status-right-length 10              #狀態列右方的內容長度；建議把更多的空間留給狀態列左方（用於列出當前視窗）
set-option -g status-utf8 on                      開啟狀態列的UTF-8支援
 
#此類設定可以在命令列模式中輸入show-window-options -g查詢
set-window-option -g mode-keys vi    #複製模式中的預設鍵盤佈局；可以設定為vi或emacs
set-window-option -g utf8 on        #開啟視窗的UTF-8支援
 
#將啟用控制台的快捷鍵由Ctrl+b修改為Ctrl+a
set-option -g prefix C-a
unbind-key C-b
bind-key C-a send-prefix
 
#新增自定義快捷鍵
bind-key z kill-session                    #按z結束當前對談；相當於進入命令列模式後輸入kill-session
bind-key h select-layout even-horizontal    #按h將當前面板布局切換為even-horizontal；相當於進入命令列模式後輸入select-layout even-horizontal
bind-key v select-layout even-vertical      #按v將當前面板布局切換為even-vertical；相當於進入命令列模式後輸入select-layout even-vertical1

#常用

tmux                            #開啟tmux
 tmux ls                        #列出對談(tmux list-session )
 tmux attach                  #Tmux重新連線到之前的視窗可使用
tmux attach -t session    #進入某個對談
tmux -r                        #連線上次斷開的session
 tmux kill-session            #關閉上次tmux開啟視窗
tmux kill-server              #關閉所有tmux開啟視窗

本文永久更新連結地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/147826.htm