vmrun命令使用詳解

2020-06-16 16:40:19

VMWare提供了vmrun與VIX API兩種手段使使用者可以通過程式對虛擬機器進行控制。

在官方文件中給出了詳細的說明和範例程式碼。
vmrun：http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vix162_vmrun_command.pdf
VIX API: http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vix-api/

vmrun是一種命令列控制的手段，但是可以通過Shell指令碼實現連續多個操作的自動化。而VIXAPI則是一種程式設計的方案，支援C、Perl和VB三種語言。從功能上來說，VIXAPI提供虛擬機器狀態查詢函數，有更強的能力。例如：控制一個虛擬機器恢復到某個映象，然後登入到GuestOS中，執行其中的某個可執行檔案在這3個動作中，恢復到指定映象是非同步操作，如果使用VIXAPI實現，可以查詢恢復操作是否完成，恢復完成之後再嘗試登入到GuestOS;而要通過vmrun實現則比較困難，因為vmrun不具有查詢虛擬機器狀態的能力，所以只能sleep足夠長的時間之後再去執行登入操作。

但vmrun也不是完全沒有優勢。分別用vmrun和VIX API實現每隔一段時間就將虛擬機器恢復到指定虛擬機器映象的功能，當雙方都只需要操作一台虛擬機器的時候，都能做到長期穩定工作；當它們需要面對10台甚至更多
的虛擬機器的時候，VIX API很快就會出故障(1)，而vmrun仍然能夠穩定地工作。

(1)通常遇到的故障是：虛擬機器提示缺少某個.vmdk檔案。原因是VMWare虛擬機器啟動時會建立臨時的.vmdk檔案，並通過修改.vmx中的硬碟路徑，使當前的硬碟為臨時的.vmdk。當VIXAPI面對大量虛擬機器時，常常會與需要操作的虛擬機器失去連線，此時.vmx檔案中的硬碟路徑被修改，但是臨時.vmdk檔案被刪除，於是虛擬機器報錯。要修復這個故障，只需要把.vmx檔案中的硬碟路徑改為實際存在的某個.vmdk檔案即可

1、簡介

VMWare提供了vmrun與VIX API兩種手段使使用者可以通過程式對虛擬機器進行控制。vmrun是一種命令列控制的手段，但是可以通過Shell指令碼實現連續多個操作的自動化。

2、語法

Usage: vmrun COMMAND [PARAMETERS]
Authentication flags
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>

POWER COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
start Path to vmx file Start a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[gui|nogui]
stop Path to vmx file Stop a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[hard|soft]
reset Path to vmx file Reset a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[hard|soft]
suspend Path to vmx file Suspend a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[hard|soft]

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
listSnapshots Path to vmx file List all snapshots in a VM
snapshot Path to vmx file Create a snapshot of a VM
Snapshot name
deleteSnapshot Path to vmx file Remove a snapshot from a VM
Snapshot name
revertToSnapshot Path to vmx file Set VM state to a snapshot
Snapshot name

GUEST OS COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
runProgramInGuest Path to vmx file Run a program in Guest OS
Program
[Program arguments]
fileExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a file exists in Guest OS
Path to file in guest
setSharedFolderState Path to vmx file Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
New host path
addSharedFolder Path to vmx file Add a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
Host path
removeSharedFolder Path to vmx file Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
listProcessesInGuest Path to vmx file List running processes in Guest OS
killProcessInGuest Path to vmx file Kill a process in Guest OS
process id
runScriptInGuest Path to vmx file Run a script in Guest OS
Interpreter path
script_text
deleteFileInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a file in Guest OS
File
createDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Create a directory in Guest OS
Directory path
deleteDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a directory in Guest OS
Directory path
listDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file List a directory in Guest OS
Directory path
copyFileFromHostToGuest Path to vmx file Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
Path on host
Path in guest
copyFileFromGuestToHost Path to vmx file Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
Path in guest
Path on host
renameFileInGuest Path to vmx file Rename a file in Guest OS
Original name
New name

GENERAL COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
list List all running VMs
upgradevm Path to vmx file Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw
installtools Path to vmx file Install Tools in Guest OS

3、範例

1）開啟虛擬機器

vmrun start "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

2）停止虛擬機器

vmrun stop "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

3）重新啟動虛擬機器
vmrun restart "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

4）列出正在執行的虛擬機器
vmrun list

下面整理了一發命令：

vmrun start "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" gui #帶圖形介面啟動虛擬機器

vmrun stop "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可跟引數hard強制關閉虛擬機器(相當於直接關電源)|soft正常關閉虛擬機器

vmrun reset "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可跟引數hard冷重新啟動虛擬機器|soft熱重新啟動虛擬機器

vmrun suspend "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可分引數hard|soft掛起虛擬機器

vmrun pause "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #暫停虛擬機器

vmrun unpause "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #停止暫停虛擬機器

vmrun list #列出正在執行的虛擬機器

vmrun -T ws snapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #建立一個快照

vmrun -T ws reverToSnapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #從一個快照中恢復虛擬機器

vmrun -T ws listSnapshots "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #列出快照

vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #刪除一個快照

vmrun命令幫助

EPP:/vmware # vmrun

vmrun version 1.15.0 build-2985596

Usage: vmrun [AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS] COMMAND [PARAMETERS]

AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS
--------------------
These must appear before the command and any command parameters.

-h <hostName> (not needed for Workstation)
-P <hostPort> (not needed for Workstation)
-T <hostType> (ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player)
for example, use '-T server' for Server 2.0
use '-T server1' for Server 1.0
use '-T ws' for VMware Workstation
use '-T ws-shared' for VMware Workstation (shared mode)
use '-T esx' for VMware ESX
use '-T vc' for VMware vCenter Server
-u <userName in host OS> (not needed for Workstation)
-p <password in host OS> (not needed for Workstation)
-vp <password for encrypted virtual machine>
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>

POWER COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
-------------- ---------- -----------
start Path to vmx file Start a VM or Team
[gui|nogui]

stop Path to vmx file Stop a VM or Team
[hard|soft]

reset Path to vmx file Reset a VM or Team
[hard|soft]

suspend Path to vmx file Suspend a VM or Team
[hard|soft]

pause Path to vmx file Pause a VM

unpause Path to vmx file Unpause a VM

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
----------------- ---------- -----------
listSnapshots Path to vmx file List all snapshots in a VM
[showTree]

snapshot Path to vmx file Create a snapshot of a VM
Snapshot name

deleteSnapshot Path to vmx file Remove a snapshot from a VM
Snapshot name
[andDeleteChildren]

revertToSnapshot Path to vmx file Set VM state to a snapshot
Snapshot name

GUEST OS COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
----------------- ---------- -----------
runProgramInGuest Path to vmx file Run a program in Guest OS
[-noWait]
[-activeWindow]
[-interactive]
Complete-Path-To-Program
[Program arguments]

fileExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a file exists in Guest OS
Path to file in guest

directoryExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a directory exists in Guest OS
Path to directory in guest

setSharedFolderState Path to vmx file Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
Host path
writable | readonly

addSharedFolder Path to vmx file Add a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
New host path

removeSharedFolder Path to vmx file Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name

enableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Enable shared folders in Guest
[runtime]

disableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Disable shared folders in Guest
[runtime]

listProcessesInGuest Path to vmx file List running processes in Guest OS

killProcessInGuest Path to vmx file Kill a process in Guest OS
process id

runScriptInGuest Path to vmx file Run a script in Guest OS
[-noWait]
[-activeWindow]
[-interactive]
Interpreter path
Script text

deleteFileInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a file in Guest OS
Path in guest

createDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Create a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest

deleteDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest

CreateTempfileInGuest Path to vmx file Create a temporary file in Guest OS

listDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file List a directory in Guest OS
Directory path in guest

CopyFileFromHostToGuest Path to vmx file Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
Path on host Path in guest

CopyFileFromGuestToHost Path to vmx file Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
Path in guest Path on host

renameFileInGuest Path to vmx file Rename a file in Guest OS
Original name
New name

captureScreen Path to vmx file Capture the screen of the VM to a local file
Path on host

writeVariable Path to vmx file Write a variable in the VM state
[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
variable name
variable value

readVariable Path to vmx file Read a variable in the VM state
[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]
variable name

getGuestIPAddress Path to vmx file Gets the IP address of the guest
[-wait]

GENERAL COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
---------------- ---------- -----------
list List all running VMs

upgradevm Path to vmx file Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw

installTools Path to vmx file Install Tools in Guest

checkToolsState Path to vmx file Check the current Tools state

register Path to vmx file Register a VM

unregister Path to vmx file Unregister a VM

listRegisteredVM List registered VMs

deleteVM Path to vmx file Delete a VM

clone Path to vmx file Create a copy of the VM
Path to destination vmx file
full|linked
[-snapshot=Snapshot Name]
[-cloneName=Name]

Examples:

Starting a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws start "c:my VMsmyVM.vmx"

Stopping a virtual machine on an ESX host
vmrun -T esx -h https://myHost.com/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword stop "[storage1] vm/myVM.vmx"

Running a program in a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host with Windows guest
vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:my VMsmyVM.vmx" "c:Program FilesmyProgram.exe"

Running a program in a virtual machine with Server on a Linux host with Linux guest
vmrun -T server -h https://myHost.com:8333/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "[standard] vm/myVM.vmx" /usr/bin/X11/xclock -display :0

Creating a snapshot of a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:my VMsmyVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Reverting to a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:my VMsmyVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Deleting a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:my VMsmyVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Enabling Shared Folders with Workstation on a Windows host
vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:my VMsmyVM.vmx"
EPP:/vmware #

vmrun命令使用詳解

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