CentOS 7下Python 3安裝pip-9.0.1

pip類似RedHat裡面的yum，安裝Python包非常方便。本節詳細介紹pip的安裝、以及使用方法。

1、下載pip安裝包

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/11/b6/abcb525026a4be042b486df43905d6893fb04f05aac21c32c638e939e447/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz#md5=35f01da33009719497f01a4ba69d63c9

2、解壓pip安裝包

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz

3、安裝pip

[root@localhost ~]# cd pip-9.0.1
[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# python3 setup.py install

4、pip使用詳解

pip安裝模組報錯，提示沒有ssl模組

[root@localhost ipython-6.1.0]# pip install traitlets
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting traitlets
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/traitlets/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement traitlets (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for traitlets
#沒有安裝openssl-devel,然後重新編譯安裝python3.6
[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# yum install openssl-devel -y
#進入python3.6解壓包目錄
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]#make clean
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ./configure
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# make && make install

安裝openssl-devel並重新編譯安裝python3後，再次測試pip安裝模組

[root@localhost ~]# pip install 'traitlets'
Collecting traitlets
  Downloading traitlets-4.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (74kB)
    100% |?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..?..| 81kB 87kB/s
Collecting six (from traitlets)
  Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting ipython-genutils (from traitlets)
  Downloading ipython_genutils-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting decorator (from traitlets)
  Downloading decorator-4.0.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: six, ipython-genutils, decorator, traitlets
Successfully installed decorator-4.0.11 ipython-genutils-0.2.0 six-1.10.0 traitlets-4.3.2
#安裝成功

pip uninstall Package：解除安裝模組
[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip uninstall traitlets
Uninstalling traitlets-4.3.2:
......
packages/traitlets/utils/tests/test_importstring.py
Proceed (y/n)? y     
  Successfully uninstalled traitlets-4.3.2

pip freeze：按需求格式輸出已安裝的模組

[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip freeze
decorator==4.0.11
ipython==6.1.0
ipython-genutils==0.2.0
pexpect==4.2.1
ptyprocess==0.5.2
Pygments==2.2.0
six==1.10.0
traitlets==4.3.2

pip list  --format=(legacy|columns)：安裝指定格式輸出已安裝的模組；和pip freeze類似

[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip list --format=legacy
decorator (4.0.11)
ipython (6.1.0)
ipython-genutils (0.2.0)
pexpect (4.2.1)
pip (9.0.1)
ptyprocess (0.5.2)
Pygments (2.2.0)
setuptools (28.8.0)
six (1.10.0)
traitlets (4.3.2)

[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip list --format=columns
Package          Version
---------------- -------
decorator        4.0.11
ipython          6.1.0 
ipython-genutils 0.2.0 
pexpect          4.2.1 
pip              9.0.1 
ptyprocess      0.5.2 
Pygments        2.2.0 
setuptools      28.8.0
six              1.10.0
traitlets        4.3.2

pip show Package：顯示已安裝的模組資訊

[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip show traitlets
Name: traitlets
Version: 4.3.2
Summary: Traitlets Python config system
Home-page: http://ipython.org
Author: IPython Development Team
Author-email: ipython-dev@scipy.org
License: BSD
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: ipython-genutils, six, decorator

pip -h：餘下的選項可以通過-h檢視，這裡不做過多介紹

[root@localhost pip-9.0.1]# pip -h

Usage: 
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                    Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                  Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                      Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                      Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose              Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version              Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>            Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>        Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>            Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>  Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>              Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>          Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.