python中陣列和列表的簡單範例

2022-03-25 16:00:48

list & array

（1）list不具有array的全部屬性（如維度、轉置等）

程式碼1：

#eg1_1
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,0,1],[1,6,9,55],[7,8,9,5]])#a為陣列
print(a.T)
 
#Result：
[[ 1  1  7]
 [ 2  6  8]
 [ 0  9  9]
 [ 1 55  5]]
 
#eg1_2
a = [[1,2,0,1],[1,6,9,55],[7,8,9,5]] #a為列表
print(a.T)
 
#Result：
'list' object has no attribute 'T'

程式碼2:

#eg1_3
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[1,2,3],[1,1,4],[1,5,1]])
print(a.shape)
 
#Result：
(3, 3)
 
#eg1_4
a=[[1,2,3],[1,1,4],[1,5,1]]
print(a.shape)
 
#Result
'list' object has no attribute 'shape'

（順帶一提，如何把一個陣列轉化為列向量：↓）

import numpy as np
a=np.array([[1,2,3],[1,1,4],[1,5,1]])
a=a.reshape(-1,1)
print(a)
 
#Result:
[[1]
 [2]
 [3]
 [1]
 [1]
 [4]
 [1]
 [5]
 [1]]

（2）a[:m]的含義，a可以是列表或者陣列，但是無論是哪種情況，a[:0]為空

#eg2_1
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[4,1,2],
            [7,4,10],
            [12,17,88]])
#a=np.array([(4,1,2),
#            (7,4,10),
#            (12,17,88)]) 這兩個a中[和(不一樣，其實它們完全一樣
print(a[:0])
print(a[:1])
print(a[:2])
 
#Result:
[]
[[4 1 2]]
[[ 4  1  2]
 [ 7  4 10]]
 
#eg2_1
a=[(4,1,2),(7,4,10),(12,17,88)]
print(a[:0])
print(a[:1])
print(a[:2])
 
 
#Result:
[]
[(4, 1, 2)]
[(4, 1, 2), (7, 4, 10)]

（3）array和list關於“==”的計算

#eg3_1
import numpy as np
a=np.array(['dog','cat','car'])
b=np.array(['dog','cat','trunk'])
acc = (np.mean(a == b))
print(acc)
 
#Result
0.6666666666666666
 
#eg3_2
import numpy as np
a=['dog','cat','car']
b=['dog','cat','trunk']
acc = (np.mean(a == b))
print(acc)
 
#Result
0.0

（4）array和list關於“*”的計算

from numpy import *
#a為陣列
a=array([[1,2,3],
   [4,5,6]])
b=4*a
print(b)    
 
[[ 4  8 12]
 [16 20 24]]
 
 
from numpy import *
#a為列表
a=([[1,2,3],
   [4,5,6]])
b=4*a
print(b)
 
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]