Python處理日期和時間的方法總結

2022-03-30 13:00:54

1 簡單入門

1.1 獲取當前時間

import datetime
 
datetime_object = datetime.datetime.now()
print(datetime_object)

輸出

2022-03-29 16:36:44.749582

Process finished with exit code 0

1.2 獲取當前日期

import datetime
 
date_object = datetime.date.today()
print(date_object)

輸出

2022-03-29

Process finished with exit code 0

1.3 datetime中的類

import datetime
 
print(dir(datetime))

輸出

['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']

Process finished with exit code 0

2 datetime中的常用的類

date類
time類
datetime類
timedelta類

2.1 date類

（1）範例化date物件

import datetime
 
d = datetime.date(2022, 3, 29)
print(d)

輸出

2022-03-29

Process finished with exit code 0

（2）獲取當前日期

from datetime import date
 
today = date.today()
 
print("當前日期 =", today)

輸出

當前日期 = 2022-03-29

Process finished with exit code 0

（3）從時間戳獲取日期

我們還可以從時間戳建立日期物件。Unix時間戳是特定日期到UTC的1970年1月1日之間的秒數。可以使用fromtimestamp()方法將時間戳轉換為日期。

from datetime import date
 
timestamp = date.fromtimestamp(1576244364)
print("日期 =", timestamp)

輸出

日期 = 2019-12-13

Process finished with exit code 0

（4）列印今天的年，月和日

from datetime import date
 
# 今天的日期物件
today = date.today() 
 
print("當前年:", today.year)
print("當前月:", today.month)
print("當前日:", today.day)

輸出

當前年: 2022
當前月: 3
當前日: 29

Process finished with exit code 0

2.2 time類

（1）從time類範例化的時間物件表示本地時間。

from datetime import time
 
# time(hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
a = time()
print("a =", a)
 
# time(hour, minute and second)
b = time(11, 34, 56)
print("b =", b)
 
# time(hour, minute and second)
c = time(hour = 11, minute = 34, second = 56)
print("c =", c)
 
# time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
d = time(11, 34, 56, 234566)
print("d =", d)

輸出

a = 00:00:00
b = 11:34:56
c = 11:34:56
d = 11:34:56.234566

Process finished with exit code 0

（2）列印時，分，秒和微秒

from datetime import time
 
a = time(11, 34, 56)
 
print("小時=", a.hour)
print("分鐘=", a.minute)
print("秒=", a.second)
print("微秒=", a.microsecond)

輸出

小時= 11
分鐘= 34
秒= 56
微秒= 0

Process finished with exit code 0

2.3 datetime類

（1）datetime模組有一個名為的dateclass類，可以包含來自date和time物件的資訊。

from datetime import datetime
 
#datetime(year, month, day)
a = datetime(2019, 11, 28)
print(a)
 
# datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond)
b = datetime(2019, 11, 28, 23, 55, 59, 342380)
print(b)

輸出

2019-11-28 00:00:00
2019-11-28 23:55:59.342380

Process finished with exit code 0

（2）列印年，月，時，分和時間戳

from datetime import datetime
 
a = datetime(2022, 3, 29, 23, 55, 59, 342380)
print("年 =", a.year)
print("月 =", a.month)
print("日 =", a.day)
print("時 =", a.hour)
print("份 =", a.minute)
print("時間戳 =", a.timestamp())

輸出

年 = 2022
月 = 3
日 = 29
時 = 23
份 = 55
時間戳 = 1648569359.34238

Process finished with exit code 0

2.4 datetime.timedelta類

（1）timedelta物件表示兩個日期或時間之間的時差。

from datetime import datetime, date
 
t1 = date(year = 2018, month = 7, day = 12)
t2 = date(year = 2017, month = 12, day = 23)
t3 = t1 - t2
print("t3 =", t3)
 
t4 = datetime(year = 2018, month = 7, day = 12, hour = 7, minute = 9, second = 33)
t5 = datetime(year = 2019, month = 6, day = 10, hour = 5, minute = 55, second = 13)
t6 = t4 - t5
print("t6 =", t6)
 
print("type of t3 =", type(t3)) 
print("type of t6 =", type(t6))

輸出

t3 = 201 days, 0:00:00
t6 = -333 days, 1:14:20
type of t3 = <class 'datetime.timedelta'>
type of t6 = <class 'datetime.timedelta'>

Process finished with exit code 0

（2）兩個timedelta物件之間的時間差

from datetime import timedelta
 
t1 = timedelta(weeks = 2, days = 5, hours = 1, seconds = 33)
t2 = timedelta(days = 4, hours = 11, minutes = 4, seconds = 54)
t3 = t1 - t2
 
print("t3 =", t3)

輸出