java使用poi生成excel的步驟

2022-04-16 16:00:19

使用poi生成excel通常包含一下幾個步驟

建立一個工作簿
建立一個sheet
建立一個Row物件
建立一個cell物件(1個row+1個cell構成一個單元格)
設定單元格內容
設定單元格樣式. 字型字型大小是否加粗
儲存
關閉流物件

生成一個工作簿

2010以上格式使用XSSFWorkBook物件, 2003格式使用HSSFWorkBook物件, 其他物件操作基本一樣.

生成2003格式

public void test1() {
    HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
    
    CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
    cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);
    cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);
    cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);
    cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);
    
    Font font = workbook.createFont();
    font.setFontName("宋體"); 
    font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
    cellStyle.setFont(font);
   
    HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
    //設定單元格寬度
    sheet.setColumnWidth(0, 30 * 256);
    sheet.setColumnWidth(1, 30 * 256);
    sheet.setColumnWidth(2, 30 * 256);
    
    Row row0 = sheet.createRow(0);
    Cell cell0 = row0.createCell(0);
    cell0.setCellValue("序號");
    cell0.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
    
    Cell cell1 = row0.createCell(1);
    cell1.setCellValue("姓名");
    
    Cell cell2 = row0.createCell(2);
    cell2.setCellValue("成績");
    
    OutputStream os = null;
    try {
        os = new FileOutputStream("d:\測試生成2003.xls");
        workbook.write(os);
        os.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

生成2010以上格式

@Test
public void test2() {
    XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
    
    CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
    cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);
    cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);
    cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);
    cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);
    
    Font font = workbook.createFont();
    font.setFontName("宋體");
    font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
    cellStyle.setFont(font);
    
    
    XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
    Row row0 = sheet.createRow(0);
    Cell cell0 = row0.createCell(0);
    cell0.setCellValue("序號");
    cell0.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
    
    Cell cell1 = row0.createCell(1);
    cell1.setCellValue("姓名");
    
    Cell cell2 = row0.createCell(2);
    cell2.setCellValue("成績");
    
    OutputStream os = null;
    try {
        os = new FileOutputStream("d:\測試生成2010.xlsx");
        workbook.write(os);
        os.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

合併單元格

合併單元格在生成excel中算常見的一個場景, 通常先合併單元, 單元格內容居中,並設定單元格邊框.
poi合併單元格使用CellRangeAddress類, 建構函式包括4個引數firstRow, lastRow, firstCol, lastCol根據自己需要傳入行和列.

public CellRangeAddress(int firstRow, int lastRow, int firstCol, int lastCol) {
}

合併單元格後設定邊框poi已提供了RegionUtil靜態類, 可直接使用.

CellRangeAddress region = new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, 2);
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);

RegionUtil.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN, region, sheet);
RegionUtil.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN, region, sheet);
RegionUtil.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN, region, sheet);
RegionUtil.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN, region, sheet);

設定單元格樣式

左右居中上下居中自動換行

cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);
cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);
cellStyle.setWrapText(true);

使用SpringMVC/SpringBoot匯出excel

@Controller
@GetMapping("/excel2003")
public void excel2003(HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse){
    try {
        //2010格式設定
        //response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
        //2003格式設定
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
        httpServletResponse.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode("學生成績單.xls", "utf-8"));

        ServletOutputStream outputStream = httpServletResponse.getOutputStream();

        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

        CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        cellStyle.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);
        cellStyle.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);
        cellStyle.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);
        cellStyle.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);

        Font font = workbook.createFont();
        font.setFontName("宋體");
        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
        cellStyle.setFont(font);

        HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");
        Row row0 = sheet.createRow(0);
        Cell cell0 = row0.createCell(0);
        cell0.setCellValue("序號");
        cell0.setCellStyle(cellStyle);

        Cell cell1 = row0.createCell(1);
        cell1.setCellValue("姓名");

        Cell cell2 = row0.createCell(2);
        cell2.setCellValue("成績");

        workbook.write(outputStream);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

總結

如果你在web專案中匯出excel後,開啟excel檔案時提示檔案已損壞,但是檔案還可以開啟, 則需要在HttpServletResponse上設定響應頭, 2003和2010設定方式不同
2003
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
2010
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");

下載檔名如果包含中文的話需要編碼
httpServletResponse.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode("學生成績單.xls", "utf-8"));
這種設定在瀏覽器裡下載檔案中文是沒問題的, 只是如果你使用Swagger或者Postman測試的話,檔名還是經過編碼的, 這個沒問題說明檔案下載已經沒問題.

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