go smtp實現郵件傳送範例詳解

2022-05-19 19:01:17

smtp指令

書接上文郵件實現詳解，這裡我們及我們簡單複習一下smtp的指令如下：

telnet smtp.163.com 25
[outpout]
ehlo dz45693
[outpout]
auth login
[outpout]
輸入使用者名稱base64
[outpout]
輸入密碼base64
mail from:<dz45693@163.com>
[outpout]
rcpt to:<dz45693@sina.com>
[outpout]
data
[outpout]
from:<dz45693@163.com>
to:<dz45693@sina.com>
subject:hello world
This is the first email sent by hand using the SMTP protocol
quit

go demo

好，那我們下現在用go實現程式碼讓如下：這裡只是一個demo，主要熟悉smtp命令

package main
import (
	"bufio"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)
func main() {
	testSmtp()
}
var gConn net.Conn
var gRead *bufio.Reader
var gWrite *bufio.Writer
//可以放到這樣的類裡
type TcpClient struct {
	Conn  net.Conn
	Read  *bufio.Reader
	Write *bufio.Writer
} //
func Connect(host string, port int) (net.Conn, *bufio.Reader, *bufio.Writer) {
	addr := host + ":" + strconv.Itoa(port)
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", addr)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, nil
	}
	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	writer := bufio.NewWriter(conn)
	return conn, reader, writer
} //
//收取一行,可再優化
func RecvLine() string {
	line, err := gRead.ReadString('n') //如何設定超時?
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Print(err)
		return ""
	}
	line = strings.Split(line, "r")[0] //還要再去掉 "r"，其實不去掉也可以
	return line
}
func SendLine(line string) {
	gWrite.WriteString(line + "rn")
	gWrite.Flush()
}
//解碼一行命令,這裡比較簡單就是按空格進行分隔就行了
func DecodeCmd(line string, sp string) []string {
	tmp := strings.Split(line, sp)
	var cmds = []string{"", "", "", "", ""} //先定義多幾個，以面後面使用時產生異常
	for i := 0; i < len(tmp); i++ {
		if i >= len(cmds) {
			break
		}
		cmds[i] = tmp[i]
	}
	return cmds
}
//讀取多行結果
func RecvMCmd() string {
	i := 0
	rs := ""
	mLine := ""
	for i = 0; i < 50; i++ {
		rs = RecvLine() //只收取一行
		mLine = mLine + rs + "rn"
		if len(rs) < 4 {
			break
		} //長度要足夠
		c4 := rs[4-1] //第4個字元
		if ' ' == c4 {
			break
		} //第4個字元是空格就表示讀取完了//也可以判斷 "250[空格]"
	}
	return mLine
}
//簡單的測試一下 smtp
func testSmtp() {
	//連線
	gConn, gRead, gWrite = Connect("smtp.163.com", 25)
	defer gConn.Close()
	//收取一行
	line := RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	//解碼一下,這樣後面的 EHLO 才能有正確的第二個引數
	cmds := DecodeCmd(line, " ")
	domain := cmds[1] //要從對方的應答中取出域名//空格分開的各個命令引數中的第二個
	//傳送一個命令
	SendLine("EHLO" + " " + domain) //domain 要求其實來自 HELO 命令//HELO <SP> <domain> <CRLF>
	//收取多行
	line = RecvMCmd()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	//--------------------------------------------------
	//用 base64 登入
	SendLine("AUTH LOGIN")
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	s := "dz45693" //要換成你的使用者名稱,注意 163 郵箱的話不要帶後面的 @域名 部分
	s = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(s))
	SendLine(s)
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	s = "xxxxx" //要換成您的密碼
	s = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(s))
	SendLine(s)
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	//--------------------------------------------------
	//郵件內容
	from := "dz45693@163.com"
	to := "dz45693@sina.com"
	SendLine("MAIL FROM: <" + from + ">") //注意"<" 符號和前面的空格。空格在協定中有和沒有都可能，最好還是有
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	SendLine("RCPT TO: <" + to + ">")
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	SendLine("DATA")
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
//傳送郵件頭
	SendLine("from:<dz45693@163.com>")
	SendLine("to:<dz45693@sina.com>")
	SendLine("subject:hello world")
	SendLine("") //傳送空行 後面就是郵件體
	SendLine("This is the first email sent by hand using the SMTP protocol")
	SendLine(".") //郵件結束符
	//收取一行
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
	SendLine("quit") //連結推出
	line = RecvLine()
	fmt.Println("recv:" + line)
} //

執行結果如下：

sdk中SendMail方法

在go的sdk中提供了SendMail方法【傳送郵件後這個方法會關閉連結】，實現如下：

實現如下：

 func SendMailBySmtp(){
	auth := smtp.PlainAuth("", "dz45693@163.com", "xxx", "smtp.163.com")
	to := []string{"dz45693@sina.com"}
	image,_:=ioutil.ReadFile("d:\Downloads\1.png")
	imageBase64:=base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(image)
	msg := []byte("from:dz45693@163.comrn"+
		"to: dz45693@sina.comrn" +
		"Subject: hello,subject!rn"+
		"Content-Type:multipart/mixed;boundary=arn"+
		"Mime-Version:1.0rn"+
		"rn" +
		"--arn"+
		"Content-type:text/plain;charset=utf-8rn"+
		"Content-Transfer-Encoding:quoted-printablern"+
		"rn"+
		"此處為正文內容!rn"+
		"--arn"+
		"Content-type:image/jpg;name=1.jpgrn"+
		"Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64rn"+
		"rn"+
		imageBase64+"rn"+
		"--a--rn")
	err := smtp.SendMail("smtp.163.com:25", auth, "dz45693@163.com", to, msg)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
}

執行效果：

使用第三方庫gomail實現郵件的傳送更多瞭解，

請前往：https://pkg.go.dev/gopkg.in/gomail.v2?utm_source=godoc

範例如下：

func SendMailByGomailOne(){
	m := gomail.NewMessage()
	m.SetAddressHeader("From", "dz45693@163.com", "dz45693")
	m.SetHeader("To", "dz45693@sina.com")
	m.SetHeader("Subject", "hello SendMailByGomailOne!")
	m.Embed("d:\Downloads\1.png")
	m.SetBody("text/html", "此處為正文121333!")
	d := gomail.NewDialer("smtp.163.com", 25, "dz45693@163.com", "xxxx")
	if err := d.DialAndSend(m); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

執行結果：

DialAndSend實現

來我們看看DialAndSend的實現如下：

package gomail
import (
	"crypto/tls"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"net/smtp"
	"strings"
	"time"
)
// A Dialer is a dialer to an SMTP server.
type Dialer struct {
	// Host represents the host of the SMTP server.
	Host string
	// Port represents the port of the SMTP server.
	Port int
	// Username is the username to use to authenticate to the SMTP server.
	Username string
	// Password is the password to use to authenticate to the SMTP server.
	Password string
	// Auth represents the authentication mechanism used to authenticate to the
	// SMTP server.
	Auth smtp.Auth
	// SSL defines whether an SSL connection is used. It should be false in
	// most cases since the authentication mechanism should use the STARTTLS
	// extension instead.
	SSL bool
	// TSLConfig represents the TLS configuration used for the TLS (when the
	// STARTTLS extension is used) or SSL connection.
	TLSConfig *tls.Config
	// LocalName is the hostname sent to the SMTP server with the HELO command.
	// By default, "localhost" is sent.
	LocalName string
}
// NewDialer returns a new SMTP Dialer. The given parameters are used to connect
// to the SMTP server.
func NewDialer(host string, port int, username, password string) *Dialer {
	return &Dialer{
		Host:     host,
		Port:     port,
		Username: username,
		Password: password,
		SSL:      port == 465,
	}
}
// NewPlainDialer returns a new SMTP Dialer. The given parameters are used to
// connect to the SMTP server.
//
// Deprecated: Use NewDialer instead.
func NewPlainDialer(host string, port int, username, password string) *Dialer {
	return NewDialer(host, port, username, password)
}
// Dial dials and authenticates to an SMTP server. The returned SendCloser
// should be closed when done using it.
func (d *Dialer) Dial() (SendCloser, error) {
	conn, err := netDialTimeout("tcp", addr(d.Host, d.Port), 10*time.Second)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if d.SSL {
		conn = tlsClient(conn, d.tlsConfig())
	}
	c, err := smtpNewClient(conn, d.Host)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if d.LocalName != "" {
		if err := c.Hello(d.LocalName); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	if !d.SSL {
		if ok, _ := c.Extension("STARTTLS"); ok {
			if err := c.StartTLS(d.tlsConfig()); err != nil {
				c.Close()
				return nil, err
			}
		}
	}
	if d.Auth == nil && d.Username != "" {
		if ok, auths := c.Extension("AUTH"); ok {
			if strings.Contains(auths, "CRAM-MD5") {
				d.Auth = smtp.CRAMMD5Auth(d.Username, d.Password)
			} else if strings.Contains(auths, "LOGIN") &&
				!strings.Contains(auths, "PLAIN") {
				d.Auth = &loginAuth{
					username: d.Username,
					password: d.Password,
					host:     d.Host,
				}
			} else {
				d.Auth = smtp.PlainAuth("", d.Username, d.Password, d.Host)
			}
		}
	}
	if d.Auth != nil {
		if err = c.Auth(d.Auth); err != nil {
			c.Close()
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return &smtpSender{c, d}, nil
}
func (d *Dialer) tlsConfig() *tls.Config {
	if d.TLSConfig == nil {
		return &tls.Config{ServerName: d.Host}
	}
	return d.TLSConfig
}
func addr(host string, port int) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, port)
}
// DialAndSend opens a connection to the SMTP server, sends the given emails and
// closes the connection.
func (d *Dialer) DialAndSend(m ...*Message) error {
	s, err := d.Dial()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer s.Close()
	return Send(s, m...)
}
type smtpSender struct {
	smtpClient
	d *Dialer
}
func (c *smtpSender) Send(from string, to []string, msg io.WriterTo) error {
	if err := c.Mail(from); err != nil {
		if err == io.EOF {
			// This is probably due to a timeout, so reconnect and try again.
			sc, derr := c.d.Dial()
			if derr == nil {
				if s, ok := sc.(*smtpSender); ok {
					*c = *s
					return c.Send(from, to, msg)
				}
			}
		}
		return err
	}
	for _, addr := range to {
		if err := c.Rcpt(addr); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	w, err := c.Data()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err = msg.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
		w.Close()
		return err
	}
	return w.Close()
}
func (c *smtpSender) Close() error {
	return c.Quit()
}
// Stubbed out for tests.
var (
	netDialTimeout = net.DialTimeout
	tlsClient      = tls.Client
	smtpNewClient  = func(conn net.Conn, host string) (smtpClient, error) {
		return smtp.NewClient(conn, host)
	}
)
type smtpClient interface {
	Hello(string) error
	Extension(string) (bool, string)
	StartTLS(*tls.Config) error
	Auth(smtp.Auth) error
	Mail(string) error
	Rcpt(string) error
	Data() (io.WriteCloser, error)
	Quit() error
	Close() error
}

DialAndSend ,首先呼叫Dial方法建立連線，然後傳送郵件，最後關閉連結，如果要頻繁發郵件，那麼是否保持長連線更好了？這裡的Dial 呼叫了smtp.NewClient 建立smtp.Client物件c,然後呼叫c.Hello ,c.Auth，send 實際是呼叫c.Mail,c.Rcpt,c.Data，那麼我們可以自己呼叫Dial方法然後迴圈呼叫send方法，最後在close。

程式碼如下：

 
func SendMailByGomailTwo() {
	d := gomail.NewDialer("smtp.163.com", 25, "dz45693@163.com", "xxxx")
	m := gomail.NewMessage()
	m.SetAddressHeader("From", "dz45693@163.com", "dz45693")
	m.SetHeader("To", "dz45693@sina.com")
	m.SetHeader("Subject", "hello SendMailByGomailtwo!")
	m.Embed("d:\Downloads\1.png")
	m.SetBody("text/html", "此處為正文121333!SendMailByGomailtwo")
	s, err := d.Dial()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer s.Close()
	err = gomail.Send(s, m)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	m.Reset()
	m.SetAddressHeader("From", "dz45693@163.com", "dz45693")
	m.SetHeader("To", "dz45693@sina.com")
	m.SetHeader("Subject", "hello SendMailByGomailthree!")
	m.Embed("d:\Downloads\2.png")
	m.SetBody("text/html", "此處為正文1SendMailByGomailthreeSendMailByGomailthree!")
	err = gomail.Send(s, m)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}