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MySQL普通表如何轉換成分割區表

2022-05-30 22:04:09

版本:

MySQL-5.7.32

前言:

對於業務繁忙的資料庫來說，在執行了一定時間後，往往會產生一些資料量較大的表，特別是對於每天新增資料較多的紀錄檔表或者流水錶，大表對於日常的運維非常的不方便，特別是資料的清理、遷移，表的存取效能也會隨著資料量的增大而受到影響，因此，對於大表我們需要進行優化拆分，通常拆分的方案有

所以，通常選擇分割區表改造方案的主要原因都是為了避免應用層面的改造，對應用層面透明，以及方便日常的運維，前提是表具備改造分割區條件。

改造分割區前期條件:

參考檔案

MySQL官方檔案

1 根據業務的場景以及資料的分佈，確認是否有匹配的分割區表型別以及分割區列

  • 對於紀錄檔表，流水錶這種按日期型別進行操作的，可以選擇進行range分割區
  • 對於按使用者ID型別的進行操作的，可以選擇進行hash，key分割區
  • 對於按渠道，型別的進行操作的，可以選擇進行list分割區

2 應用涉及的sql，需要90%以上的操作都包含分割區列，按分割區操作，如果sql沒有包含分割區條件，掃描全分割區，效能會出現下降。

查詢表sql操作歷史

select db,query,exec_count 
from sys.x$statement_analysis 
where lower(query) like '%%'order by exec_count;

3 主鍵必須包含分割區鍵

4 分割區鍵表示式只支援部分函數，儲存過程，不支援二級制操作符以及/

5 分割區不支援外來鍵

查詢表外來鍵

select * 
from information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
where constraint_schema ='' and REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA is not nullG

6 不支援查詢快取

7  5.7版本單個表分割區最大支援8192個，並且對談第一次存取分割區表，都需要開啟全部的分割區表，所以避免建立過多的分割區

8 資料庫最大檔案開啟數open_files_limit要設定足夠大以滿足表，分割區的開啟數量

9 資料庫大檔案large_files_support設定為on

10 分割區列支援null值(對於rang分割區，null值總小於任何的一個非null值，即存放在最左邊的分割區;對於list分割區需要顯示指定null值條件)，但從資料管理以及規範來看，不建議分割區列存放null值，並且如果表有主鍵，則分割區列不能為null值，因為分割區列需要作為主鍵的一部分，不能為null

12 MySQL目前沒有自動分割區功能，所以需要監控分割區的使用情況，通過job自動或者定時手動新增新分割區

13 確定資料保留期限，定期歸檔分割區資料

分割區改造案例:

以下是一張資料量為766萬的大表xxxx_user. xxxx_tab,計劃將其改造為範圍分割區，按月存放。

select table_schema,table_name,table_rows,data_length/1024/1024/1024
from information_schema.tables
where table_name='xxxx_tab';

表結構

CREATE TABLE `xxxx_tab` (
  `ROLE_SEQ` bigint(20) NOT NULL ,
  `PRD_ID` varchar(64) NOT NULL ,
  `MAKE_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `CHECK_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `AUTH_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `AUTH_GROUP` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `RELEASE_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `CREATE_USER_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `CREATE_DEPT_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `CREATE_TIME` datetime DEFAULT NULL ,
  `UPDATE_USER_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `UPDATE_DEPT_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `UPDATE_TIME` datetime DEFAULT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`PRD_ID`,`ROLE_SEQ`),
  KEY `xxxx_tab_IDX01` (`ROLE_SEQ`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

分割區列create_time日期最大值，最小值，根據這個範圍按月建立分割區

select max(CREATE_TIME),min(CREATE_TIME)
from xxxx_tab;

分割區列null值，對於存在的null值，需要應用對null資料進行處理，並且程式上需要確保資料寫入not null

select count(*)
from xxxx_tab
where create_time is null;

主鍵重建新增分割區列

alter table  xxxx_tab drop primary key,add primary key (`PRD_ID`,`ROLE_SEQ`,`CREATE_TIME`);

由於主鍵沒有包含分割區列，需要重建主鍵新增分割區列，對於主鍵重建我採取的是官方的online ddl功能，這種ddl操作會造成主從延時，但是不會產生大量的binlog，對於主從實時性要求高的，可以採用第三方的線上工具pt-osc,gh-ost

錶轉化為分割區表

採用pt-osc線上將錶轉化為分割區表，對於partition by 官方是不支援online ddl的，所以需要採用第三方的線上工具

./pt-online-schema-change  --user=xxx --password=xxx --charset=utf8  D=xxxx_user,t=xxxx_tab  --alter "PARTITION BY RANGE  COLUMNS(CREATE_TIME)
(PARTITION p200001 VALUES LESS THAN ('2000-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p200101 VALUES LESS THAN ('2001-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201707 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201708 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201709 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201710 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201711 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201712 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201801 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201802 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201803 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201804 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201805 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201806 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201807 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201808 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201809 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201810 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201811 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201812 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201901 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201902 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201903 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201904 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201905 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201906 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201907 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201908 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201909 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201910 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201911 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201912 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202001 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202002 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202003 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202004 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202005 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202006 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202007 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202008 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202009 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202010 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202011 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202012 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202101 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202102 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202103 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202104 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202105 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202106 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202107 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202108 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202109 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202110 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202111 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202112 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202201 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202202 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202203 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202204 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202205 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202206 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202207 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202208 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202209 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202210 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202211 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202212 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202301 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202302 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202303 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202304 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202305 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202306 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202307 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202308 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202309 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202310 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202311 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202312 VALUES LESS THAN ('2024-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION pmax VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) ENGINE = InnoDB)"  --recursion-method hosts --max-lag 600  --nodrop-old-table --print --statistics --execute

分割區後表模型

CREATE TABLE `xxxx_tab` (
  `ROLE_SEQ` bigint(20) NOT NULL ,
  `PRD_ID` varchar(64) NOT NULL ,
  `MAKE_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `CHECK_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `AUTH_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `AUTH_GROUP` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `RELEASE_RIGHT` varchar(1) DEFAULT '0' ,
  `CREATE_USER_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `CREATE_DEPT_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `CREATE_TIME` datetime NOT NULL ,
  `UPDATE_USER_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `UPDATE_DEPT_SEQ` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL ,
  `UPDATE_TIME` datetime DEFAULT NULL ,
  PRIMARY KEY (`PRD_ID`,`ROLE_SEQ`,`CREATE_TIME`),
  KEY `xxxx_tab_IDX01` (`ROLE_SEQ`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 
PARTITION BY RANGE  COLUMNS(CREATE_TIME)
(PARTITION p200001 VALUES LESS THAN ('2000-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p200101 VALUES LESS THAN ('2001-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201707 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201708 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201709 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201710 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201711 VALUES LESS THAN ('2017-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201712 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201801 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201802 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201803 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201804 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201805 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201806 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201807 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201808 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201809 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201810 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201811 VALUES LESS THAN ('2018-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201812 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201901 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201902 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201903 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201904 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201905 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201906 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201907 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p201908 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201909 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201910 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201911 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p201912 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202001 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202002 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202003 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202004 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202005 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202006 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202007 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202008 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202009 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202010 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202011 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202012 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202101 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202102 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202103 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202104 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202105 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202106 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202107 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB, 
 PARTITION p202108 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202109 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202110 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202111 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202112 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202201 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202202 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202203 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202204 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202205 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202206 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202207 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202208 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202209 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202210 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202211 VALUES LESS THAN ('2022-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202212 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202301 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-02-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202302 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-03-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202303 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-04-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202304 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-05-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202305 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-06-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202306 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-07-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202307 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202308 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202309 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-10-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202310 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-11-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202311 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-12-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p202312 VALUES LESS THAN ('2024-01-01 00:00:00') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION pmax VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) ENGINE = InnoDB)

總結

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