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利用MySqlBulkLoader實現批次插入資料的範例詳解

2022-06-28 14:00:21

介紹

最近在專案中遇到插入資料瓶頸,幾萬、幾十萬、幾百萬的資料儲存到MYSQL資料庫,使用EF插入資料速度非常慢,資料量非常大時EF插入需要幾十分鐘,甚至幾個小時,這樣子的速度肯定不是我們所期望的。

後面經過了解與研究發現MySqlBulkLoader,可以批次將資料插入到資料庫並且速度上面遠遠優於EF。

MySqlBulkLoader主要的實現方式:將需要插入的資料轉成DataTable,DataTable轉成一個CSV檔案,將CSV檔案使用批次匯入的形式匯入到資料庫裡面去。

注意:

1).資料庫連線地址需要新增設定AllowLoadLocalInfile=true,允許本地檔案匯入;

Data Source = 資料庫地址; Port = 埠; Initial Catalog = 資料庫名; User Id = 使用者名稱; Password = 密碼;AllowLoadLocalInfile=true;

2).插入的時候會返回插入行數,但是檢查所有的資料都正確,也沒有報異常,卻返回了插入數量為0,可以檢查表是否有唯一索引,插入的資料是否違反了唯一索引

(以下分塊展示了程式碼,如果需要看完整的程式碼直接看 5.完整的程式碼) 

1.將List轉化為DataTable 

/// <summary>
        /// 將List轉化為DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ListToDataTable<T>(List<T> data)
        {
            #region 建立一個DataTable,以實體名稱作為DataTable名稱

            var tableName = typeof(T).Name;
            tableName = tableName.ToSnakeCase(); /*實體名稱與表名進行轉化,主要根據各專案的規定進行轉化,不一定就是我這些寫的這種轉換方式*/
            DataTable dt = new DataTable
            {
                TableName = tableName
            };

            #endregion

            #region 拿取列名,以實體的屬性名作為列名       

            var properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();
            foreach (var item in properties)
            {
                var curFileName = item.Name;
                curFileName = curFileName.ToSnakeCase();/*列名與欄位名進行轉化,主要根據各專案的規定進行轉化,不一定就是我這些寫的這種轉換方式*/
                dt.Columns.Add(curFileName);
            }

            #endregion

            #region 列賦值
            foreach (var item in data)
            {
                DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
                var columns = dt.Columns;

                var curPropertyList = item.GetType().GetProperties();
                foreach (var p in curPropertyList)
                {
                    var name = p.Name;
                    name = name.ToSnakeCase();/*列名與欄位名進行轉化,主要根據各專案的規定進行轉化,不一定就是我這些寫的這種轉換方式*/
                    var curValue = p.GetValue(item);

                    int i = columns.IndexOf(name);
                    dr[i] = curValue;
                }

                dt.Rows.Add(dr);
            }

            #endregion  

            return dt;
        }

2.將DataTable轉換為標準的CSV檔案 

/// <summary>
    /// csv擴充套件
    /// </summary>
    public static class CSVEx
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///將DataTable轉換為標準的CSV檔案
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="table">資料表</param>
        /// <param name="tmpPath">檔案地址</param>
        /// <returns>返回標準的CSV</returns>
        public static void ToCsv(this DataTable table, string tmpPath)
        {
            //以半形逗號(即,)作分隔符,列為空也要表達其存在。
            //列內容如存在半形逗號(即,)則用半形引號(即"")將該欄位值包含起來。
            //列內容如存在半形引號(即")則應替換成半形雙引號("")跳脫,並用半形引號(即"")將該欄位值包含起來。
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            DataColumn colum;
            foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < table.Columns.Count; i++)
                {
                    Type _datatype = typeof(DateTime);
                    colum = table.Columns[i];
                    if (i != 0) sb.Append("t");
                    //if (colum.DataType == typeof(string) && row[colum].ToString().Contains(","))
                    //{
                    //    sb.Append(""" + row[colum].ToString().Replace(""", """") + """);
                    //}
                    if (colum.DataType == _datatype)
                    {
                        sb.Append(((DateTime)row[colum]).ToString("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"));
                    }
                    else sb.Append(row[colum].ToString());
                }
                sb.Append("rn");
            }
            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(tmpPath, false, UTF8Encoding.UTF8);
            sw.Write(sb.ToString());
            sw.Close();
        }

    }

3.CSV檔案匯入資料到資料庫

/// <summary>
    /// 批次匯入mysql幫助類
    /// </summary>
    public static class MySqlHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MySqlBulkLoader批次匯入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="_mySqlConnection">資料庫連線地址</param>
        /// <param name="table"></param>
        /// <param name="csvName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static int BulkLoad(MySqlConnection _mySqlConnection, DataTable table, string csvName)
        {
            var columns = table.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().Select(colum => colum.ColumnName).ToList();
            MySqlBulkLoader bulk = new MySqlBulkLoader(_mySqlConnection)
            {
                FieldTerminator = "t",
                FieldQuotationCharacter = '"',
                EscapeCharacter = '"',
                LineTerminator = "rn",
                FileName = csvName,
                NumberOfLinesToSkip = 0,
                TableName = table.TableName,

            };

            bulk.Columns.AddRange(columns);
            return bulk.Load();
        }
    }

4.使用MySqlBulkLoader批次插入資料

/// <summary>
        /// 使用MySqlBulkLoader批次插入資料
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="Exception"></exception>
        public int BulkLoaderData<T>(List<T> data)
        {
            if (data.Count <= 0) return 0;

            var connectString = "資料庫連線地址";
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectString))
            {
                MySqlTransaction sqlTransaction = null;
                try
                {
                    if (connection.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                    }
                    sqlTransaction = connection.BeginTransaction();


                    var dt = ListToDataTable<T>(data); //將List轉成dataTable
                    string tmpPath = Path.GetTempFileName();
                    dt.ToCsv(tmpPath); //將DataTable轉成CSV檔案
                    var insertCount = MySqlHelper.BulkLoad(connection, dt, tmpPath); //使用MySqlBulkLoader插入資料
                    sqlTransaction.Commit();

                    try
                    {
                        if (File.Exists(tmpPath)) File.Delete(tmpPath);
                    }
                    catch (Exception)
                    {
                        //刪除檔案失敗

                    }
                    return insertCount; //返回執行成功的條數
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    if (sqlTransaction != null)
                    {
                        sqlTransaction.Rollback();
                    }
                    //執行異常 
                    throw e;
                }
            }

        }

5.完整的程式碼

namespace WebApplication1.BrantchInsert
{

    /// <summary>
    /// 批次插入
    /// </summary>
    public class BulkLoader
    {


        /// <summary>
        /// 測試批次插入入口
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int BrantchDataTest()
        {

            #region 模擬資料
            var data = new List<CrmCouponTestDto>() {
                 new CrmCouponTestDto {
                     Id=1,
                     CouponCode="test001",
                     CouponId = 1,
                     MemberId=100,
                     IssueTime=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     UsageTime=Convert.ToDateTime("3000-12-31 00:00:00"),
                     UsageShopId=0,
                     UsageBillNo="",
                     EffectiveStart=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     EffectiveEnd=Convert.ToDateTime("2023-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     Status=0
                 },
                 new CrmCouponTestDto {
                     Id=2,
                     CouponCode="test002",
                     CouponId = 1,
                       MemberId=101,
                     IssueTime=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     UsageTime=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:30:00"),
                     UsageShopId=2,
                     UsageBillNo="CS202206271430001",
                     EffectiveStart=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     EffectiveEnd=Convert.ToDateTime("2023-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     Status=1
                 },
                  new CrmCouponTestDto {
                     Id=3,
                     CouponCode="test003",
                     CouponId = 1,
                     MemberId=102,
                     IssueTime=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     UsageTime=Convert.ToDateTime("3000-12-31 00:00:00"),
                     UsageShopId=0,
                     UsageBillNo="",
                     EffectiveStart=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     EffectiveEnd=Convert.ToDateTime("2023-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     Status=0
                 },
                    new CrmCouponTestDto {
                     Id=4,
                     CouponCode="test004",
                     CouponId = 1,
                     MemberId=103,
                     IssueTime=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     UsageTime=Convert.ToDateTime("3000-12-31 00:00:00"),
                     UsageShopId=0,
                     UsageBillNo="",
                     EffectiveStart=Convert.ToDateTime("2022-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     EffectiveEnd=Convert.ToDateTime("2023-06-27 14:00:00"),
                     Status=0
                 }
             };
            #endregion
            var result = BulkLoaderData<CrmCouponTestDto>(data);
            return result;

        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 使用MySqlBulkLoader批次插入資料
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="Exception"></exception>
        public int BulkLoaderData<T>(List<T> data)
        {
            if (data.Count <= 0) return 0;

            var connectString = "資料庫連線地址";
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectString))
            {
                MySqlTransaction sqlTransaction = null;
                try
                {
                    if (connection.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                    }
                    sqlTransaction = connection.BeginTransaction();


                    var dt = ListToDataTable<T>(data); //將List轉成dataTable
                    string tmpPath = Path.GetTempFileName();
                    dt.ToCsv(tmpPath); //將DataTable轉成CSV檔案
                    var insertCount = MySqlHelper.BulkLoad(connection, dt, tmpPath); //使用MySqlBulkLoader插入資料
                    sqlTransaction.Commit();

                    try
                    {
                        if (File.Exists(tmpPath)) File.Delete(tmpPath);
                    }
                    catch (Exception)
                    {
                        //刪除檔案失敗

                    }
                    return insertCount; //返回執行成功的條數
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    if (sqlTransaction != null)
                    {
                        sqlTransaction.Rollback();
                    }
                    //執行異常 
                    throw e;
                }
            }

        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 將List轉化為DataTable核心方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ListToDataTable<T>(List<T> data)
        {
            #region 建立一個DataTable,以實體名稱作為DataTable名稱

            var tableName = typeof(T).Name;
            tableName = tableName.ToSnakeCase(); /*實體名稱與表名進行轉化,主要根據各專案的規定進行轉化,不一定就是我這些寫的這種轉換方式*/
            DataTable dt = new DataTable
            {
                TableName = tableName
            };

            #endregion

            #region 拿取列名,以實體的屬性名作為列名       

            var properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();
            foreach (var item in properties)
            {
                var curFileName = item.Name;
                curFileName = curFileName.ToSnakeCase();/*列名與欄位名進行轉化,主要根據各專案的規定進行轉化,不一定就是我這些寫的這種轉換方式*/
                dt.Columns.Add(curFileName);
            }

            #endregion

            #region 列賦值
            foreach (var item in data)
            {
                DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
                var columns = dt.Columns;

                var curPropertyList = item.GetType().GetProperties();
                foreach (var p in curPropertyList)
                {
                    var name = p.Name;
                    name = name.ToSnakeCase();/*列名與欄位名進行轉化,主要根據各專案的規定進行轉化,不一定就是我這些寫的這種轉換方式*/
                    var curValue = p.GetValue(item);

                    int i = columns.IndexOf(name);
                    dr[i] = curValue;
                }

                dt.Rows.Add(dr);
            }

            #endregion  

            return dt;
        }


    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 批次匯入mysql幫助類
    /// </summary>
    public static class MySqlHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MySqlBulkLoader批次匯入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="_mySqlConnection">資料庫連線地址</param>
        /// <param name="table"></param>
        /// <param name="csvName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static int BulkLoad(MySqlConnection _mySqlConnection, DataTable table, string csvName)
        {
            var columns = table.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().Select(colum => colum.ColumnName).ToList();
            MySqlBulkLoader bulk = new MySqlBulkLoader(_mySqlConnection)
            {
                FieldTerminator = "t",
                FieldQuotationCharacter = '"',
                EscapeCharacter = '"',
                LineTerminator = "rn",
                FileName = csvName,
                NumberOfLinesToSkip = 0,
                TableName = table.TableName,

            };

            bulk.Columns.AddRange(columns);
            return bulk.Load();
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// csv擴充套件
    /// </summary>
    public static class CSVEx
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///將DataTable轉換為標準的CSV檔案
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="table">資料表</param>
        /// <param name="tmpPath">檔案地址</param>
        /// <returns>返回標準的CSV</returns>
        public static void ToCsv(this DataTable table, string tmpPath)
        {
            //以半形逗號(即,)作分隔符,列為空也要表達其存在。
            //列內容如存在半形逗號(即,)則用半形引號(即"")將該欄位值包含起來。
            //列內容如存在半形引號(即")則應替換成半形雙引號("")跳脫,並用半形引號(即"")將該欄位值包含起來。
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            DataColumn colum;
            foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < table.Columns.Count; i++)
                {
                    Type _datatype = typeof(DateTime);
                    colum = table.Columns[i];
                    if (i != 0) sb.Append("t");
                    //if (colum.DataType == typeof(string) && row[colum].ToString().Contains(","))
                    //{
                    //    sb.Append(""" + row[colum].ToString().Replace(""", """") + """);
                    //}
                    if (colum.DataType == _datatype)
                    {
                        sb.Append(((DateTime)row[colum]).ToString("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"));
                    }
                    else sb.Append(row[colum].ToString());
                }
                sb.Append("rn");
            }
            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(tmpPath, false, UTF8Encoding.UTF8);
            sw.Write(sb.ToString());
            sw.Close();
        }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 字串轉化
    /// </summary>
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 轉換為 main_keys_id 這種形式的字串方式
        /// </summary>
        public static string ToSnakeCase(this string input)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input)) { return input; }

            var startUnderscores = Regex.Match(input, @"^_+");
            return startUnderscores + Regex.Replace(input, @"([a-z0-9])([A-Z])", "$1_$2").ToLower();
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 實體
    /// </summary>
    public class CrmCouponTestDto
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// ID
        /// </summary>
        public long Id { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 卡券號
        /// </summary>     
        public string CouponCode { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 卡券ID
        /// </summary>
        public int CouponId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 會員ID
        /// </summary>
        public int MemberId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 發放時間
        /// </summary>   
        public DateTime IssueTime { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用時間
        /// </summary>      
        public DateTime UsageTime { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用店鋪ID
        /// </summary>      

        public int UsageShopId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用單號
        /// </summary>      
        public string UsageBillNo { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 有效開始時間
        /// </summary>      
        public DateTime EffectiveStart { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 有效結束時間
        /// </summary>      
        public DateTime EffectiveEnd { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 狀態
        /// CouponStatus 卡券狀態:
        /// -1:未領用
        /// 0:未使用
        /// 1:已使用
        /// 2:已過期
        ///3:已作廢
        ///4:轉贈中
        /// </summary>

        public Int16 Status { get; set; }
    }
}

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