教你使用Python的pygame模組實現拼圖遊戲

2022-07-05 14:03:57

pygame介紹

Python Pygame 是一款專門為開發和設計 2D 電子遊戲而生的軟體包，它支 Windows、Linux、Mac OS 等作業系統，具有良好的跨平臺性。Pygame 由 Pete Shinners 於 2000 年開發而成，是一款免費、開源的的軟體包，因此您可以放心地使用它來開發遊戲，不用擔心有任何費用產生。

Pygame 在 SDL（Simple DirectMedia Layer，使用 C語言編寫的多媒體開發庫）的基礎上開發而成，它提供了諸多操作模組，比如影象模組（image）、聲音模組（mixer）、輸入/輸出（滑鼠、鍵盤、顯示屏）模組等。相比於開發 3D 遊戲而言，Pygame 更擅長開發 2D 遊戲，比如於飛機大戰、貪吃蛇、掃雷等遊戲。

安裝pygame

pip install pygame

pygame常用模組

pygame.cdrom 存取光碟機
pygame.cursors 載入遊標
pygame.display 存取顯示裝置
pygame.draw 繪製形狀、線和點
pygame.event 管理事件
pygame.font 使用字型
pygame.image 載入和儲存圖片
pygame.joystick 使用遊戲手柄或者類似的東西
pygame.key 讀取鍵盤按鍵
pygame.mixer 聲音
pygame.mouse 滑鼠
pygame.movie 播放視訊
pygame.music 播放音訊
pygame.overlay 存取高階視訊疊加
pygame.rect 管理矩形區域
pygame.scrap 本地剪貼簿存取
pygame.sndarray 操作聲音資料
pygame.sprite 操作移動影象
pygame.surface 管理影象和螢幕
pygame.surfarray 管理點陣影象資料
pygame.time 管理時間和幀資訊
pygame.transform 縮放和移動影象

pygame入門案例

import pygame
import sys

pygame.init()  # 初始化pygame
size = width, height = 320, 240  # 設定視窗大小
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)  # 顯示視窗

while True:  # 死迴圈確保視窗一直顯示
    for event in pygame.event.get():  # 遍歷所有事件
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:  # 如果單擊關閉視窗，則退出
            sys.exit()

pygame.quit()  # 退出pygame

pygame實現拼圖遊戲

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

# 一些常數
WINDOWWIDTH = 500
WINDOWHEIGHT = 500
BACKGROUNDCOLOR = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
FPS = 40

VHNUMS = 3
CELLNUMS = VHNUMS * VHNUMS
MAXRANDTIME = 100


# 退出
def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()


# 隨機生成遊戲盤面
def newGameBoard():
    board = []
    for i in range(CELLNUMS):
        board.append(i)
    blackCell = CELLNUMS - 1
    board[blackCell] = -1

    for i in range(MAXRANDTIME):
        direction = random.randint(0, 3)
        if (direction == 0):
            blackCell = moveLeft(board, blackCell)
        elif (direction == 1):
            blackCell = moveRight(board, blackCell)
        elif (direction == 2):
            blackCell = moveUp(board, blackCell)
        elif (direction == 3):
            blackCell = moveDown(board, blackCell)
    return board, blackCell


# 若空白影象塊不在最左邊，則將空白塊左邊的塊移動到空白塊位置
def moveRight(board, blackCell):
    if blackCell % VHNUMS == 0:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell - 1], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell - 1]
    return blackCell - 1


# 若空白影象塊不在最右邊，則將空白塊右邊的塊移動到空白塊位置
def moveLeft(board, blackCell):
    if blackCell % VHNUMS == VHNUMS - 1:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell + 1], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell + 1]
    return blackCell + 1


# 若空白影象塊不在最上邊，則將空白塊上邊的塊移動到空白塊位置
def moveDown(board, blackCell):
    if blackCell < VHNUMS:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell - VHNUMS], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell - VHNUMS]
    return blackCell - VHNUMS


# 若空白影象塊不在最下邊，則將空白塊下邊的塊移動到空白塊位置
def moveUp(board, blackCell):
    if blackCell >= CELLNUMS - VHNUMS:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell + VHNUMS], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell + VHNUMS]
    return blackCell + VHNUMS


# 是否完成
def isFinished(board, blackCell):
    for i in range(CELLNUMS - 1):
        if board[i] != i:
            return False
    return True


# 初始化
pygame.init()
mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 載入圖片
gameImage = pygame.image.load('1.jpg')
gameRect = gameImage.get_rect()

# 設定視窗，視窗的寬度和高度取決於圖片的寬高
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((gameRect.width, gameRect.height))
pygame.display.set_caption('拼圖')

cellWidth = int(gameRect.width / VHNUMS)
cellHeight = int(gameRect.height / VHNUMS)

finish = False

gameBoard, blackCell = newGameBoard()

# 遊戲主迴圈
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            terminate()
        if finish:
            continue
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
                blackCell = moveLeft(gameBoard, blackCell)
            if event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
                blackCell = moveRight(gameBoard, blackCell)
            if event.key == K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
                blackCell = moveUp(gameBoard, blackCell)
            if event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == ord('s'):
                blackCell = moveDown(gameBoard, blackCell)
        if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
            x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            col = int(x / cellWidth)
            row = int(y / cellHeight)
            index = col + row * VHNUMS
            if (
                    index == blackCell - 1 or index == blackCell + 1 or index == blackCell - VHNUMS or index == blackCell + VHNUMS):
                gameBoard[blackCell], gameBoard[index] = gameBoard[index], gameBoard[blackCell]
                blackCell = index

    if (isFinished(gameBoard, blackCell)):
        gameBoard[blackCell] = CELLNUMS - 1
        finish = True

    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)

    for i in range(CELLNUMS):
        rowDst = int(i / VHNUMS)
        colDst = int(i % VHNUMS)
        rectDst = pygame.Rect(colDst * cellWidth, rowDst * cellHeight, cellWidth, cellHeight)

        if gameBoard[i] == -1:
            continue

        rowArea = int(gameBoard[i] / VHNUMS)
        colArea = int(gameBoard[i] % VHNUMS)
        rectArea = pygame.Rect(colArea * cellWidth, rowArea * cellHeight, cellWidth, cellHeight)
        windowSurface.blit(gameImage, rectDst, rectArea)

    for i in range(VHNUMS + 1):
        pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLACK, (i * cellWidth, 0), (i * cellWidth, gameRect.height))
    for i in range(VHNUMS + 1):
        pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLACK, (0, i * cellHeight), (gameRect.width, i * cellHeight))

    pygame.display.update()

    mainClock.tick(FPS)

總結

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