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詳解apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54及三種風格的init程式特點和區別

2022-07-13 18:03:55

原始碼包編譯範例

下面通過編譯安裝httpd來深入理解原始碼包安裝(httpd-2.4.54)

下載編譯工具,httpd以及其兩個依賴包的原始碼包

//原始碼包建議到官方網站下載

[root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz
[root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz

安裝apr

[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@lnh xbz]# ls 
apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//將apr解壓到當前目錄
[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ls
apr-config.in  build-outputs.mk  helpers       misc           strings
apr.dep        CHANGES           include       mmap           support
apr.dsp        CMakeLists.txt    libapr.dep    network_io     tables
apr.dsw        config.layout     libapr.dsp    NOTICE         test
apr.mak        configure         libapr.mak    NWGNUmakefile  threadproc
apr.pc.in      configure.in      libapr.rc     passwd         time
apr.spec       docs              LICENSE       poll           tools
atomic         dso               locks         random         user
build          emacs-mode        Makefile.in   README
build.conf     encoding          Makefile.win  README.cmake
buildconf      file_io           memory        shmem
//進入這個原始碼包可以看見裡面被解壓出來的東西
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
//生成Makefile
一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 這個選項的意思是定義軟體包安裝到哪裡
建議,原始碼包都是安裝在/opt/目錄下或者/usr/local/src目錄下面
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make
...
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private  export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> apr.exp
sed 's,^(location=).*$,1installed,' < apr-1-config > apr-config.out
sed -e 's,^(apr_build.*=).*$,1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' -e 's,^(top_build.*=).*$,1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0'
//編譯生成Makefile,此處雖然出現了make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0',但是沒關係可以繼續進行下一步安裝
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install
...
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1
for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do 
    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; 
done
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config
//進行安裝
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/
[root@lnh apr]# ls
bin  build-1  include  lib
//進入apr的路徑進行檢視,預設情況下,系統搜尋庫檔案的路徑只有/lib,/usr/lib,我們需要進行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中建立以.conf為字尾名的檔案,而後把要增添的路徑直接寫至此檔案中。此時庫檔案增添的搜尋路徑重啟後有效,若要使用增添的路徑立即生效則要使用ldconfig命令
[root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
/usr/local/src/apr
//切換到前一個工作目錄
[root@lnh apr]# ldconfig 
//使命令生效
[root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr
[root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/
將標頭檔案軟連結到/usr/include目錄下

摺疊

安裝apr-util

[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel
//需要先安裝這個依賴
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
//解壓到當前目錄
[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ls
aprutil.dep       CHANGES            include         NWGNUmakefile
aprutil.dsp       CMakeLists.txt     ldap            README
aprutil.dsw       config.layout      libaprutil.dep  README.cmake
aprutil.mak       configure          libaprutil.dsp  README.FREETDS
apr-util.pc.in    configure.in       libaprutil.mak  redis
apr-util.spec     crypto             libaprutil.rc   renames_pending
apu-config.in     dbd                LICENSE         strmatch
buckets           dbm                Makefile.in     test
build             docs               Makefile.win    uri
build.conf        encoding           memcache        xlate
buildconf         export_vars.sh.in  misc            xml
build-outputs.mk  hooks              NOTICE
//進入原始碼包檢視被解壓出來的東西
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating export_vars.sh
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-util.pc
config.status: creating apu-1-config
config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h
config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h
config.status: creating include/apu.h
config.status: creating include/apu_want.h
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
//生成Makefile檔案,需要伴隨著上一個指定的依賴
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make
...
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e 's/^.*[)](.*);$/1/' >> aprutil.exp
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> aprutil.exp
sed 's,^(location=).*$,1installed,' < apu-1-config > apu-config.out
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'
//編譯生成的Makefile檔案,出現make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'這個沒有關係可以繼續進行下一步安裝
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install
...
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config
//進行安裝
[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/
[root@lnh apr-util]# ls
bin  include  lib
//切換到apr-util安裝目錄進行檢視,預設情況下,系統搜尋庫檔案的路徑只有/lib,/usr/lib,我們需要進行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中建立以.conf為字尾名的檔案,而後把要增添的路徑直接寫至此檔案中。此時庫檔案增添的搜尋路徑重啟後有效,若要使用增添的路徑立即生效則要使用ldconfig命令
[root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf 
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
/usr/local/src/apr-util
//切換到上一個工作目錄
[root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr
-util
//將標頭檔案軟連結到/usr/include目錄下

摺疊

安裝httpd

[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz 
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.54
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//解壓到當前目錄
[root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE     CMakeLists.txt  InstallBin.dsp  README
acinclude.m4     config.layout   LAYOUT          README.CHANGES
Apache-apr2.dsw  configure       libhttpd.dep    README.cmake
Apache.dsw       configure.in    libhttpd.dsp    README.platforms
apache_probes.d  docs            libhttpd.mak    ROADMAP
ap.d             emacs-style     LICENSE         server
build            httpd.dep       Makefile.in     srclib
BuildAll.dsp     httpd.dsp       Makefile.win    support
BuildBin.dsp     httpd.mak       modules         test
buildconf        httpd.spec      NOTICE          VERSIONING
CHANGES          include         NWGNUmakefile
changes-entries  INSTALL         os
//檢視被解壓出來的東西
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util
...
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:

    Server Version: 2.4.54
    Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd
    C compiler:     gcc
    CFLAGS:          -g -O2 -pthread  
    CPPFLAGS:        -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE  
    LDFLAGS:           
    LIBS:             
    C preprocessor: gcc -E

//生成Makefile檔案
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make
...
/usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc  -g -O2 -pthread           -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version  mod_rewrite.lo 
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'

make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
//編譯生成Makefile檔案,出現的一些沒有讀取到的問題沒有關係,繼續進行下一步
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install
...
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
//進行安裝
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/
[root@lnh httpd]# ls
bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs  manual
build  conf     htdocs  include  man   modules
//切換到httpd的安裝目錄進行檢視,預設情況下,系統搜尋庫檔案的路徑只有/lib,/usr/lib
[root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# ll  /usr/include/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include/
//將標頭檔案軟連結到/usr/include目錄下
[root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 
//設定httpd的全域性環境變數,並生成效果
[root@lnh httpd]# which httpd 
/usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                 /usr/local/src/httpd/man
//新增後面這一行
[root@lnh ~]# httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 35719) already running
//啟動服務
[root@lnh ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                  *:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*
//檢視埠              
[root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
//關閉防火牆

摺疊

服務80埠

原始碼編譯報錯資訊處理

checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.
//解決方案
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
提前把這兩個依賴包安裝好才可以進行生成Makefile檔案

無法進行生成兩個依賴包的Makefile檔案
//解決方案
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget
提前下載編譯工具

init程式的三種風格

  • SysV⻛格:init(centos5),實現系統初始化時,隨後的初始化操作都是藉助於指令碼來實現的,(/etc/inittab)
  • Upstart風格:init(centos6),由ubuntu研發的,通過匯流排形式以接近於並行的方式工作,效率比SysV高,組態檔(/etc/inittab,/etc/init/*.conf)
  • Systemd風格:systemd(centos7),啟動速度快,系統引導時實現服務並行啟動,比前兩者的效率都高,組態檔(/usr/lib/systemd/system,/etc/systemd/system)

init程式三種風格的特點

SysV⻛格特點:

  • 指令碼中含有大量的命令,每個命令都要啟動一個程序,命令執行完以後就要終止這個程序。如此一來,系統初始化時將大量的建立程序,銷燬程序,工作效率會非常低
  • 服務間可能會存在依賴關係,必須嚴格按照一定的順序來啟動服務,前一個服務沒啟動完後面的服務就無法執行啟動過程。不能並行進行

Upstart風格特點:

  • 基於匯流排方式能夠讓程序間互相通訊的一個應用程式
  • 不用等服務啟動完成,只要一初始化就可以把自己的狀態返回給其他程序

Systemd風格特點:

  • 啟動速度比SysV和Upstart都快
  • 不需要通過任何指令碼來啟動服務,systemd自身就可以啟動服務,其本身就是一個強大的直譯器,啟動服務時不需要sh/bash的參與
  • systemd不真正在系統初始化時去啟動任何一個服務只要服務沒用到,它告訴你啟動了,實際上並沒有啟動。僅當第一次去存取時才會真正啟動服務

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