SpringBoot 中使用RabbtiMq 詳解

2022-07-27 22:04:51

前言

如圖使用redisTemplate 一樣的簡單方便

模擬傳送郵件的情況

pom.xml

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

application.properties

spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.91.128
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
 
## 根據自己情況而定，可以不用
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=100

寫在組態檔中，由 RabbitProperties 這個類進行讀取，封裝到ConnectionFactory 中。

MailConstants （常數）

public class MailConstants {
    public static final Integer DELIVERING = 0;//訊息投遞中
    public static final Integer SUCCESS = 1;//訊息投遞成功
    public static final Integer FAILURE = 2;//訊息投遞失敗
    public static final Integer MAX_TRY_COUNT = 3;//最大重試次數
    public static final Integer MSG_TIMEOUT = 1;//訊息超時時間
    public static final String MAIL_QUEUE_NAME = "javaboy.mail.queue";
    public static final String MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME = "javaboy.mail.exchange";
    public static final String MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME = "javaboy.mail.routing.key";
}

RabbitConfig （rabbitMq的設定類）

import org.javaboy.vhr.model.MailConstants;
import org.javaboy.vhr.service.MailSendLogService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
    public final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitConfig.class);
    @Autowired
    CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory;
    //傳送郵件的
    @Autowired
    MailSendLogService mailSendLogService;
 
    @Bean
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(cachingConnectionFactory);
 
        //手動應答返回的標誌
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((data, ack, cause) -> {
            String msgId = data.getId();
            if (ack) {
                logger.info(msgId + ":訊息傳送成功");
                mailSendLogService.updateMailSendLogStatus(msgId, 1);//修改資料庫中的記錄，訊息投遞成功
            } else {
                logger.info(msgId + ":訊息傳送失敗");
            }
        });
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((msg, repCode, repText, exchange, routingkey) -> {
            logger.info("訊息傳送失敗");
        });
        return rabbitTemplate;
    }
    @Bean
    Queue mailQueue() {
        return new Queue(MailConstants.MAIL_QUEUE_NAME, true);
    }
    @Bean
    DirectExchange mailExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(MailConstants.MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME, true, false);
    }
    @Bean
    Binding mailBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(mailQueue()).to(mailExchange()).with(MailConstants.MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME);
    }
}

MailSendTask（定時任務,傳送）

@Component
public class MailSendTask {

    @Autowired
    MailSendLogService mailSendLogService;

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @Autowired
    EmployeeService employeeService;

    @Scheduled(cron = "0/10 * * * * ?")
    public void mailResendTask() {
        List<MailSendLog> logs = mailSendLogService.getMailSendLogsByStatus();
        if (logs == null || logs.size() == 0) {
            return;
        }
        logs.forEach(mailSendLog->{
            if (mailSendLog.getCount() >= 3) {
                mailSendLogService.updateMailSendLogStatus(mailSendLog.getMsgId(), 2);//直接設定該條訊息傳送失敗
            }else{
                mailSendLogService.updateCount(mailSendLog.getMsgId(), new Date());
                Employee emp = employeeService.getEmployeeById(mailSendLog.getEmpId());
                /**
                 * 引數1：交換機名稱
                 * 引數2 ：路由key
                 * 引數三：資料
                 * 引數4：作為唯一標識
                 *
                 */
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(MailConstants.MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME, MailConstants.MAIL_ROUTING_KEY_NAME, emp, new CorrelationData(mailSendLog.getMsgId()));
            }
        });
    }
}

MailReceiver（接收端）

@Component
public class MailReceiver {
    public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailReceiver.class);
    @Autowired
    JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
    @Autowired
    MailProperties mailProperties;
    @Autowired
    TemplateEngine templateEngine;
    @Autowired
    StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @RabbitListener(queues = MailConstants.MAIL_QUEUE_NAME)
    public void handler(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        Employee employee = (Employee) message.getPayload();
        MessageHeaders headers = message.getHeaders();
        Long tag = (Long) headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
        String msgId = (String) headers.get("spring_returned_message_correlation");
        if (redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries("mail_log").containsKey(msgId)) {
            //redis 中包含該 key，說明該訊息已經被消費過
            logger.info(msgId + ":訊息已經被消費");
            channel.basicAck(tag, false);//確認訊息已消費
            return;
        }
        //收到訊息，傳送郵件
        MimeMessage msg = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg);
        try {
            helper.setTo(employee.getEmail());
            helper.setFrom(mailProperties.getUsername());
            helper.setSubject("入職歡迎");
            helper.setSentDate(new Date());
            Context context = new Context();
            context.setVariable("name", employee.getName());
            context.setVariable("posName", employee.getPosition().getName());
            context.setVariable("joblevelName", employee.getJobLevel().getName());
            context.setVariable("departmentName", employee.getDepartment().getName());
            //根據模板傳送
            String mail = templateEngine.process("mail", context);
            helper.setText(mail, true);
            javaMailSender.send(msg);
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("mail_log", msgId, "javaboy");
            channel.basicAck(tag, false);
            logger.info(msgId + ":郵件傳送成功");
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            //手動應答， tag 訊息id ，、
            channel.basicNack(tag, false, true);
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.error("郵件傳送失敗：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

使用總結

0. rabbtMq的本地服務，得開啟。（跟redis差不多）
1. 寫 application.properties中的rabbitMq的連線設定等
2. rabbitConfig組態檔。（包括：交換機選擇與佇列的設定，繫結），選擇的模式在這裡設定
3. 直接使用，匯入rabbitTemplate類，使用rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend()方法
4. 接收類

@RabbitListener(queues = MailConstants.MAIL_QUEUE_NAME)
 public void handler(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        業務邏輯了
        手動接收等等
}

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