<em>Mac</em>Book项目 2009年学校开始实施<em>Mac</em>Book项目,所有师生配备一本<em>Mac</em>Book,并同步更新了校园无线网络。学校每周进行电脑技术更新,每月发送技术支持资料,极大改变了教学及学习方式。因此2011
2021-06-01 09:32:01
C++ OpenGL實現旋轉立方體的繪製
2022-07-28 14:02:40
1、Z-緩衝
//開啟深度測試 glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
2、GLM庫函數
3、PVM矩陣
4、PVM矩陣的使用
我們需要引入GLM函數庫的標頭檔案：
#include<glm/glm.hpp> #include<glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> #include<glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
設定vew矩陣的相關引數：
//相機引數 glm::vec3 camera_position = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f); //攝像機位置 glm::vec3 camera_front = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); //攝像機方向 glm::vec3 camera_up = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //攝像機上向量
設定project矩陣視野fov：
float fov = 45.0f;
// Transform座標變換矩陣 glm::mat4 model(1);//model矩陣，區域性座標變換至世界座標 model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0,0.0,0.0)); model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f));
glm::mat4 view(1);//view矩陣，世界座標變換至觀察座標系 view = glm::lookAt(camera_position, camera_position + camera_front, camera_up);
glm::mat4 projection(1);//projection矩陣，投影矩陣 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)screen_width / screen_height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
int model_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "model"); //獲取著色器內某個引數的位置
glUniformMatrix4fv(model_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));//寫入引數值
gl_Position=projection*view*model*vec4(aPos,1.0);
5、工程檔案結構
shader.h
#ifndef __SHADER_H__
#define __SHADER_H__
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "string"
class Shader
{
public:
unsigned int ID;
Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path);
~Shader();
void Use();
void SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;
void SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;
void SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
void SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const;
void SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const;
void SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const;
void SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const;
void SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const;
void SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const;
void SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const;
void SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const;
void SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const;
private:
int GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path,
std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code);
int LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code);
int GetUniform(const std::string &name) const;
void CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type);
};
#endif // !__SHADER_H__
#ifndef __SHADER_H__
#define __SHADER_H__
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "string"
class Shader
{
public:
unsigned int ID;
Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path);
~Shader();
void Use();
void SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;
void SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;
void SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
void SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const;
void SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const;
void SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const;
void SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const;
void SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const;
void SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const;
void SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const;
void SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const;
void SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const;
private:
int GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path,
std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code);
int LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code);
int GetUniform(const std::string &name) const;
void CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type);
};
#endif // !__SHADER_H__
#ifndef __SHADER_H__
#define __SHADER_H__
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "string"
class Shader
{
public:
unsigned int ID;
Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path);
~Shader();
void Use();
void SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;
void SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;
void SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
void SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const;
void SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const;
void SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const;
void SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const;
void SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const;
void SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const;
void SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const;
void SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const;
void SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const;
private:
int GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path,
std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code);
int LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code);
int GetUniform(const std::string &name) const;
void CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type);
};
#endif // !__SHADER_H__shader.cpp
#include "Shader.h"
#include "fstream"
#include "sstream"
#include "iostream"
Shader::Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path)
{
std::string vertex_shader_code;
std::string fragment_shader_code;
if (GetShaderFromFile(vertex_shader_path, fragment_shader_path, &vertex_shader_code, &fragment_shader_code))
{
return;
}
if (LinkShader(vertex_shader_code.c_str(), fragment_shader_code.c_str()))
{
return;
}
}
Shader::~Shader()
{
}
void Shader::Use()
{
glUseProgram(ID);
}
void Shader::SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const
{
SetInt(name, (int)value);
}
void Shader::SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const
{
glUniform1i(GetUniform(name), value);
}
void Shader::SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const
{
glUniform1f(GetUniform(name), value);
}
void Shader::SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const
{
glUniform2f(GetUniform(name), x, y);
}
void Shader::SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const
{
SetVec2(name, value.x, value.y);
}
void Shader::SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const
{
glUniform3f(GetUniform(name), x, y, z);
}
void Shader::SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const
{
SetVec3(name, value.x, value.y, value.z);
}
void Shader::SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const
{
glUniform4f(GetUniform(name), x, y, z, w);
}
void Shader::SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const
{
SetVec4(name, value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w);
}
void Shader::SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const
{
glUniformMatrix2fv(GetUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}
void Shader::SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const
{
glUniformMatrix3fv(GetUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}
void Shader::SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const
{
glUniformMatrix4fv(GetUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}
int Shader::GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path, std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code)
{
std::ifstream vertex_shader_file;
std::ifstream fragment_shader_file;
vertex_shader_file.exceptions(std::ifstream::badbit | std::ifstream::failbit);
fragment_shader_file.exceptions(std::ifstream::badbit | std::ifstream::failbit);
try
{
vertex_shader_file.open(vertex_shader_path);
fragment_shader_file.open(fragment_shader_path);
std::stringstream vertex_shader_stream, fragment_shader_stream;
vertex_shader_stream << vertex_shader_file.rdbuf();
fragment_shader_stream << fragment_shader_file.rdbuf();
vertex_shader_file.close();
fragment_shader_file.close();
*vertex_shader_code = vertex_shader_stream.str();
*fragment_shader_code = fragment_shader_stream.str();
}
catch (std::ifstream::failure e)
{
std::cout << "Load Shader File Error!" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int Shader::LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code)
{
int vertex_shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertex_shader, 1, &vertex_shader_code, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertex_shader);
CheckCompileErrors(vertex_shader, "VERTEX");
int fragment_shader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragment_shader, 1, &fragment_shader_code, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragment_shader);
CheckCompileErrors(fragment_shader, "FRAGMENT");
this->ID = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(ID, vertex_shader);
glAttachShader(ID, fragment_shader);
glLinkProgram(ID);
CheckCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");
glDeleteShader(vertex_shader);
glDeleteShader(fragment_shader);
return 0;
}
int Shader::GetUniform(const std::string &name) const
{
int position = glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str());
if (position == -1)
{
std::cout << "uniform " << name << " set failed!" << std::endl;
}
return position;
}
void Shader::CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type)
{
GLint success;
GLchar infoLog[512];
if (type == "PROGRAM")
{
glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR!n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
}
else
{
glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::" << type << "::COMPILATION_FAILEDn" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
}
}main.cpp
//總體流程
//1. 初始化並建立視窗
//2. 載入立方體頂點VAOVBO以及著色器並開啟深度測試
//3. 進入主迴圈清除緩衝
//4. 使用立方體著色器，構造並傳入pvm矩陣，繪製
//5. 迴圈結束，釋放VAOVBO
#include <iostream>
#include "glad/glad.h"
#include "GLFW/glfw3.h"
#include "glm/glm.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp"
#include "shader.h"
const float vertices[] = { //立方體陣列
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f,0.5f
};
float screen_width = 1280.0f; //視窗寬度
float screen_height = 720.0f; //視窗高度
//相機引數
glm::vec3 camera_position = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f); //攝像機位置
glm::vec3 camera_front = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); //攝像機方向
glm::vec3 camera_up = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //攝像機上向量
//視野
float fov = 45.0f;
int main() {
// 初始化GLFW
glfwInit(); // 初始化GLFW
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); // OpenGL版本為3.3，主次版本號均設為3
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); // 使用核心模式(無需向後相容性)
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // 如果使用的是Mac OS X系統，需加上這行
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, FALSE); // 不可改變視窗大小
// 建立視窗(寬、高、視窗名稱)
auto window = glfwCreateWindow(screen_width, screen_height, "Cube", nullptr, nullptr);
if (window == nullptr) { // 如果視窗建立失敗，輸出Failed to Create OpenGL Context
std::cout << "Failed to Create OpenGL Context" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); // 將視窗的上下文設定為當前執行緒的主上下文
// 初始化GLAD，載入OpenGL函數指標地址的函數
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// 指定當前視口尺寸(前兩個引數為左下角位置，後兩個引數是渲染視窗寬、高)
glViewport(0, 0, screen_width, screen_height);
Shader shader("res/shader/task-cube.vs", "res/shader/task-cube.fs");//載入著色器
// 生成並繫結VAO和VBO
GLuint vertex_array_object; // == VAO
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array_object);
glBindVertexArray(vertex_array_object);
GLuint vertex_buffer_object; // == VBO
glGenBuffers(1, &vertex_buffer_object);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer_object);
// 將頂點資料繫結至當前預設的緩衝中
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// 設定頂點屬性指標
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// Render loop主迴圈
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
//進入主迴圈，清理顏色緩衝深度緩衝
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.34f, 0.57f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//清理顏色緩衝和深度緩衝
shader.Use();
// Transform座標變換矩陣
glm::mat4 model(1);//model矩陣，區域性座標變換至世界座標
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0,0.0,0.0));
model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f));
glm::mat4 view(1);//view矩陣，世界座標變換至觀察座標系
view = glm::lookAt(camera_position, camera_position + camera_front, camera_up);
glm::mat4 projection(1);//projection矩陣，投影矩陣
projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)screen_width / screen_height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
// 向著色器中傳入引數
int model_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "model"); //獲取著色器內某個引數的位置
glUniformMatrix4fv(model_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));//寫入引數值
int view_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "view");
glUniformMatrix4fv(view_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
int projection_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(projection_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
//繪製
glBindVertexArray(vertex_array_object);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
//釋放VAOVBO
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array_object);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertex_buffer_object);
// 清理所有的資源並正確退出程式
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}輸出結果：
到此這篇關於C++ OpenGL實現旋轉立方體的繪製的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關C++ OpenGL旋轉立方體內容請搜尋it145.com以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以後多多支援it145.com！
相關文章
-
黑科技的輕簡出行，告別「電量焦慮症」：Anker氮化鎵超能充系列
综合看Anker超能充系列的性价比很高，并且与不仅和iPhone12/苹果<em>Mac</em>Book很配，而且适合多设备充电需求的日常使用或差旅场景，不管是安卓还是Switch同样也能用得上它，希望这次分享能给准备购入充电器的小伙伴们有所
2021-06-01 09:31:42
-
吳亦凡廠牌首秀，L4WUDU居然忘詞了，Rapper和明星比還是有差距！
除了L4WUDU与吴亦凡已经多次共事，成为了明面上的厂牌成员，吴亦凡还曾带领20XXCLUB全队参加2020年的一场音乐节，这也是20XXCLUB首次全员合照，王嗣尧Turbo、陈彦希Regi、<em>Mac</em> Ova Seas、林渝植等人全部出场。然而让
2021-06-01 09:31:34
-
IPFS、Chia、Bzz和ICP挖礦該怎麼選？哪一個更有優勢？
目前应用IPFS的机构：1 谷歌<em>浏览器</em>支持IPFS分布式协议 2 万维网 (历史档案博物馆)数据库 3 火狐<em>浏览器</em>支持 IPFS分布式协议 4 EOS 等数字货币数据存储 5 美国国会图书馆，历史资料永久保存在 IPFS 6 加
2021-06-01 09:31:24
-
有哪些事是買了雪佛蘭後才知道的？美事偷著樂，開拓者車主隨聊
开拓者的车机是兼容苹果和<em>安卓</em>，虽然我不怎么用，但确实兼顾了我家人的很多需求：副驾的门板还配有解锁开关，有的时候老婆开车，下车的时候偶尔会忘记解锁，我在副驾驶可以自己开门：第二排设计很好，不仅配置了一个很大的
2021-06-01 09:30:48
-
iPhone12在618最新定價，跌價幅度超過1400元，還等iPhone13嗎？
不仅是<em>安卓</em>手机，苹果手机的降价力度也是前所未有了，iPhone12也“跳水价”了，发布价是6799元，如今已经跌至5308元，降价幅度超过1400元，最新定价确认了。iPhone12是苹果首款5G手机，同时也是全球首款5nm芯片的智能机，它
2021-06-01 09:30:45