一文秒懂vue-property-decorator

2022-08-25 18:01:12

我們來看下頁面上程式碼展示:
1.@Component(options:ComponentOptions = {})
2.@Prop(options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})
3，@PropSync(propName: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})
4.@Model(event?: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})
5，@Watch(path: string, options: WatchOptions = {})
6，@Emit(event?: string)
7，@Ref(refKey?: string)
8.Provide/Inject ProvideReactive/InjectReactive

參考:https://github.com/kaorun343/vue-property-decorator
怎麼使vue支援ts寫法呢,我們需要用到vue-property-decorator,這個元件完全依賴於vue-class-component.

首先安裝: npm i -D vue-property-decorator

我們來看下頁面上程式碼展示:

<template>
  <div>
    foo:{{foo}}
    defaultArg:{{defaultArg}} | {{countplus}}
    <button @click="delToCount($event)">點選del emit</button>
    <HellowWordComponent></HellowWordComponent>
    <button ref="aButton">ref</button>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue, Prop, Emit, Ref } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import HellowWordComponent from '@/components/HellowWordComponent.vue';
 
@Component({
  components: {
    HellowWordComponent,
  },
  beforeRouteLeave(to: any, from: any, next: any) {
    console.log('beforeRouteLeave');
    next();
  },
  beforeRouteEnter(to: any, from: any, next: any) {
    console.log('beforeRouteLeave');
    next();
  },
})
 
export default class DemoComponent extends Vue {
  private foo = 'App Foo!';
 
  private count: number = this.$store.state.count;
 
  @Prop(Boolean) private defaultArg: string | undefined;
 
  @Emit('delemit') private delEmitClick(event: MouseEvent) {}
 
  @Ref('aButton') readonly ref!: HTMLButtonElement;
 
  // computed;
  get countplus () {
    return this.count;
  }
 
  created() {}
 
  mounted() {}
 
  beforeDestroy() {}
 
  public delToCount(event: MouseEvent) {
    this.delEmitClick(event);
    this.count += 1; // countplus 會累加
  }
 
}
 
</script>
 
<style lang="less">
...
</style>

vue-proporty-decorator它具備以下幾個裝飾器和功能:

@Component
@Prop
@PropSync
@Model
@Watch
@Provide
@Inject
@ProvideReactive
@InjectReactive
@Emit
@Ref

1.@Component(options:ComponentOptions = {})

@Component 裝飾器可以接收一個物件作為引數，可以在物件中宣告 components ，filters，directives等未提供裝飾器的選項，也可以宣告computed，watch等

registerHooks:
除了上面介紹的將beforeRouteLeave放在Component中之外,還可以全域性註冊,就是registerHooks

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
Component.registerHooks([
  'beforeRouteLeave',
  'beforeRouteEnter',
]);
 
@Component
export default class App extends Vue {
  beforeRouteLeave(to: any, from: any, next: any) {
    console.log('beforeRouteLeave');
    next();
  }
 
  beforeRouteEnter(to: any, from: any, next: any) {
    console.log('beforeRouteLeave');
    next();
  }
}
</script>

2.@Prop(options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})

@Prop裝飾器接收一個引數，這個引數可以有三種寫法：

Constructor，例如String，Number，Boolean等，指定 prop 的型別；
Constructor[]，指定 prop 的可選型別；
PropOptions，可以使用以下選項：type，default，required，validator。

注意:屬性的ts型別後面需要加上undefined型別；或者在屬性名後面加上!，表示非null 和 非undefined
的斷言，否則編譯器會給出錯誤提示；

// 父元件:
<template>
  <div class="Props">
    <PropComponent :name="name" :age="age" :sex="sex"></PropComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import {Component, Vue,} from 'vue-property-decorator';
import PropComponent from '@/components/PropComponent.vue';
 
@Component({
  components: {PropComponent,},
})
export default class PropsPage extends Vue {
  private name = '張三';
  private age = 1;
  private sex = 'nan';
}
</script>
 
// 子元件:
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    name: {{name}} | age: {{age}} | sex: {{sex}}
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import {Component, Vue, Prop} from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
@Component
export default class PropComponent extends Vue {
   @Prop(String) readonly name!: string | undefined;
   @Prop({ default: 30, type: Number }) private age!: number;
   @Prop([String, Boolean]) private sex!: string | boolean;
}
</script>

3，@PropSync(propName: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})

@PropSync裝飾器與@prop用法類似，二者的區別在於：

@PropSync 裝飾器接收兩個引數：

propName: string 表示父元件傳遞過來的屬性名；

options: Constructor | Constructor[] | PropOptions 與@Prop的第一個引數一致；@PropSync 會生成一個新的計算屬性。

注意,使用PropSync的時候是要在父元件配合.sync使用的

// 父元件
<template>
  <div class="PropSync">
    <h1>父元件</h1>
    like:{{like}}
    <hr/>
    <PropSyncComponent :like.sync="like"></PropSyncComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang='ts'>
import { Vue, Component } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import PropSyncComponent from '@/components/PropSyncComponent.vue';
 
@Component({components: { PropSyncComponent },})
export default class PropSyncPage extends Vue {
  private like = '父元件的like';
}
</script>
 
// 子元件
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <h1>子元件:</h1>
    <h2>syncedlike:{{ syncedlike }}</h2>
    <button @click="editLike()">修改like</button>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, PropSync,} from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
@Component
export default class PropSyncComponent extends Vue {
  @PropSync('like', { type: String }) syncedlike!: string; // 用來實現元件的雙向繫結,子元件可以更改父元件穿過來的值
 
  editLike(): void {
    this.syncedlike = '子元件修改過後的syncedlike!'; // 雙向繫結,更改syncedlike會更改父元件的like
  }
}
</script>

4.@Model(event?: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {})

@Model裝飾器允許我們在一個元件上自定義v-model，接收兩個引數：

event: string 事件名。
options: Constructor | Constructor[] | PropOptions 與@Prop的第一個引數一致。

注意,有看不懂的,可以去看下vue官網檔案, https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/

// 父元件
<template>
  <div class="Model">
    <ModelComponent v-model="fooTs" value="some value"></ModelComponent>
    <div>父元件 app : {{fooTs}}</div>
  </div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import ModelComponent from '@/components/ModelComponent.vue';
 
@Component({ components: {ModelComponent} })
export default class ModelPage extends Vue {
  private fooTs = 'App Foo!';
}
</script>
 
// 子元件
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    子元件:<input type="text" :value="checked" @input="inputHandle($event)"/>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import {Component, Vue, Model,} from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
@Component
export default class ModelComponent extends Vue {
   @Model('change', { type: String }) readonly checked!: string
 
   public inputHandle(that: any): void {
     this.$emit('change', that.target.value); // 後面會講到@Emit,此處就先使用this.$emit代替
   }
}
</script>

5，@Watch(path: string, options: WatchOptions = {})

@Watch 裝飾器接收兩個引數：
path: string 被偵聽的屬性名；options?: WatchOptions={} options可以包含兩個屬性：

immediate?:boolean 偵聽開始之後是否立即呼叫該回撥函數；
deep?:boolean 被偵聽的物件的屬性被改變時，是否呼叫該回撥函數；

發生在beforeCreate勾子之後，created勾子之前

<template>
  <div class="PropSync">
    <h1>child:{{child}}</h1>
    <input type="text" v-model="child"/>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import { Vue, Watch, Component } from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
@Component
export default class WatchPage extends Vue {
  private child = '';
 
  @Watch('child')
  onChildChanged(newValue: string, oldValue: string) {
    console.log(newValue);
    console.log(oldValue);
  }
}
</script>

6，@Emit(event?: string)

@Emit 裝飾器接收一個可選引數，該引數是$Emit的第一個引數，充當事件名。如果沒有提供這個引數，$Emit會將回撥函數名的camelCase轉為kebab-case，並將其作為事件名；
@Emit會將回撥函數的返回值作為第二個引數，如果返回值是一個Promise物件，$emit會在Promise物件被標記為resolved之後觸發；
@Emit的回撥函數的引數，會放在其返回值之後，一起被$emit當做引數使用。

// 父元件
<template>
  <div class="">
    點選emit獲取子元件的名字<br/>
    姓名:{{emitData.name}}
    <hr/>
    <EmitComponent sex='女' @add-to-count="returnPersons" @delemit="delemit"></EmitComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import { Vue, Component } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import EmitComponent from '@/components/EmitComponent.vue';
 
@Component({
  components: { EmitComponent },
})
export default class EmitPage extends Vue {
  private emitData = { name: '我還沒有名字' };
 
  returnPersons(data: any) {
    this.emitData = data;
  }
 
  delemit(event: MouseEvent) {
    console.log(this.emitData);
    console.log(event);
  }
}
</script>
 
// 子元件
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    子元件:
    <div v-if="person">
      姓名:{{person.name}}<br/>
      年齡:{{person.age}}<br/>
      性別:{{person.sex}}<br/>
    </div>
    <button @click="addToCount(person)">點選emit</button>
    <button @click="delToCount($event)">點選del emit</button>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import {
  Component, Vue, Prop, Emit,
} from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
type Person = {name: string; age: number; sex: string };
 
@Component
export default class PropComponent extends Vue {
  private name: string | undefined;
 
  private age: number | undefined;
 
  private person: Person = { name: '我是子元件的張三', age: 1, sex: '男' };
 
  @Prop(String) readonly sex: string | undefined;
 
  @Emit('delemit') private delEmitClick(event: MouseEvent) {}
 
  @Emit() // 如果此處不設定別名字,則預設使用下面的函數命名
  addToCount(p: Person) { // 此處命名如果有大寫字母則需要用橫線隔開  @add-to-count
    return this.person; // 此處不return,則會預設使用括號裡的引數p;
  }
 
  delToCount(event: MouseEvent) {
    this.delEmitClick(event);
  }
}
</script>

7，@Ref(refKey?: string)

@Ref 裝飾器接收一個可選引數，用來指向元素或子元件的參照資訊。如果沒有提供這個引數，會使用裝飾器後面的屬性名充當引數

<template>
  <div class="PropSync">
    <button @click="getRef()" ref="aButton">獲取ref</button>
    <RefComponent name="names" ref="RefComponent"></RefComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import { Vue, Component, Ref } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import RefComponent from '@/components/RefComponent.vue';
 
@Component({
  components: { RefComponent },
})
export default class RefPage extends Vue {
  @Ref('RefComponent') readonly RefC!: RefComponent;
  @Ref('aButton') readonly ref!: HTMLButtonElement;
  getRef() {
    console.log(this.RefC);
    console.log(this.ref);
  }
}
</script>

8.Provide/Inject ProvideReactive/InjectReactive

@Provide(key?: string | symbol) / @Inject(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator @ProvideReactive(key?: string | symbol) / @InjectReactive(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator

提供/注入裝飾器,
key可以為string或者symbol型別,

相同點:Provide/ProvideReactive提供的資料,在內部元件使用Inject/InjectReactive都可取到不同點:
如果提供(ProvideReactive)的值被父元件修改，則子元件可以使用InjectReactive捕獲此修改。

// 最外層元件
<template>
  <div class="">
    <H3>ProvideInjectPage頁面</H3>
    <div>
      在ProvideInjectPage頁面使用Provide,ProvideReactive定義資料,不需要props傳遞資料
      然後爺爺套父母,父母套兒子,兒子套孫子,最後在孫子元件裡面獲取ProvideInjectPage
      裡面的資訊
    </div>
    <hr/>
    <provideGrandpa></provideGrandpa> <!--爺爺元件-->
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import {
  Vue, Component, Provide, ProvideReactive,
} from 'vue-property-decorator';
import provideGrandpa from '@/components/ProvideGParentComponent.vue';
 
@Component({
  components: { provideGrandpa },
})
export default class ProvideInjectPage extends Vue {
  @Provide() foo = Symbol('fooaaa');
 
  @ProvideReactive() fooReactive = 'fooReactive';
 
  @ProvideReactive('1') fooReactiveKey1 = 'fooReactiveKey1';
 
  @ProvideReactive('2') fooReactiveKey2 = 'fooReactiveKey2';
 
  created() {
    this.foo = Symbol('fooaaa111');
    this.fooReactive = 'fooReactive111';
    this.fooReactiveKey1 = 'fooReactiveKey111';
    this.fooReactiveKey2 = 'fooReactiveKey222';
  }
}
</script>
 
// ...provideGrandpa呼叫父母元件
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <ProvideParentComponent></ProvideParentComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
// ...ProvideParentComponent呼叫兒子元件
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <ProvideSonComponent></ProvideSonComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
// ...ProvideSonComponent呼叫孫子元件
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <ProvideGSonComponent></ProvideGSonComponent>
  </div>
</template>
 
 
// 孫子元件<ProvideGSonComponent>,經過多層參照後,在孫子元件使用Inject可以得到最外層元件provide的資料哦
<template>
  <div class="hello">
    <h3>孫子的元件</h3>
    爺爺元件裡面的foo:{{foo.description}}<br/>
    爺爺元件裡面的fooReactive:{{fooReactive}}<br/>
    爺爺元件裡面的fooReactiveKey1:{{fooReactiveKey1}}<br/>
    爺爺元件裡面的fooReactiveKey2:{{fooReactiveKey2}}
    <span style="padding-left:30px;">=> fooReactiveKey2沒有些key所以取不到哦</span>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script lang="ts">
import {
  Component, Vue, Inject, InjectReactive,
} from 'vue-property-decorator';
 
@Component
export default class ProvideGSonComponent extends Vue {
  @Inject() readonly foo!: string;
 
  @InjectReactive() fooReactive!: string;
 
  @InjectReactive('1') fooReactiveKey1!: string;
 
  @InjectReactive() fooReactiveKey2!: string;
}
</script>

demo地址:https://github.com/slailcp/vue-cli3/tree/master/src/pc-project/views/manage

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