Java實現圖書管理系統的範例程式碼

2022-08-29 22:05:05

一、功能介紹

此圖書管理系統藉助IDEA開發工具實現

圖書館系統一共有兩種身份的存取：

1.管理員身份:

2.普通使用者身份:

我們一共有三個包分別是book,operations,user實現.

二、Main包

main函數主要進行大致流程的進行，圖書庫的初始化，圖書管理系統的登入，以及具體操作的選擇，即實施.

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.先初始化圖書庫，以及初始化:
        BookList bookList = new BookList();

        //2.登入
        User user = login();//向上轉型，User接受管理員或者使用者物件

        //3.列印選單,進行具體操作
        while(true) {
            int choice = user.menu();
            user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
        }
    }
}

登入功能：

 public static User login() {
        System.out.println("請輸入你的姓名: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String userName = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("請輸入你的身份: 1-> 管理員 2-> 使用者");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice == 1) {
            return new AdminUser(userName);
        }else {
            return new NormalUser(userName);
        }
    }

三、User包

因為有兩套系統，管理員和普通使用者，所以我們將共同屬性提取出來一個User抽象類，以達到程式碼複用

1. User

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operations.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;

    IOperation[] iOperations;
    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

2. AdminUser

package user;

import operations.*;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{

    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()
        };
    }
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("歡迎: "+name+"來到圖書館");
        System.out.println("**********************************");
        System.out.println("1. 查詢圖書");
        System.out.println("2. 新增圖書");
        System.out.println("3. 刪除圖書");
        System.out.println("4. 顯示圖書");
        System.out.println("0. 退出圖書");
        System.out.println("**********************************");
        System.out.println("請輸入你的操作: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

3. NormalUser

package user;

import operations.*;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{

    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }

    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("歡迎: "+name+"來到圖書館");
        System.out.println("**********************************");
        System.out.println("1. 查詢圖書");
        System.out.println("2. 借閱圖書");
        System.out.println("3. 歸還圖書");
        System.out.println("0. 退出圖書");
        System.out.println("**********************************");
        System.out.println("請輸入你的操作: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

四、book包

我們對book的屬性進行書寫，以及在BookList種對圖書庫的書進行初始化.

1. Book

package book;
public class Book {
    private String name;//書名
    private String author;//作者
    private int price;//價格
    private String type;//書的型別
    private boolean isBorrowed;//書預設未借出

    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + ''' +
                ", author='" + author + ''' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + ''' +
                ","+ ((isBorrowed == true) ? "該書已借出" : "該書未借出" )+
                '}';
    }
}

2. BookList

package book;
public class BookList {
    public Book[] books = new Book[100];
    public int usedSize;//用來存當前共有多少本書


    /**
     * 事先通過程式碼塊
     *
     * 事先存進去三本書
     */
    {
        books[0] = new Book("java","高斯林",95,"IT");
        books[1] = new Book("C++","姚琳",93,"IT");
        books[2] = new Book("python","馬瑟斯",80,"IT");
        this.usedSize = 3;
    }

    public Book getPos(int pos) {
        //獲取某一位置的書
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(Book book,int pos) {
        //儲存一本書 到指定位置
        books[pos] = book;

    }
    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }
}

五、operations包

我們的圖書管理系統有很多具體的操作，為了後面方便多型，以及檢驗錯誤，所以我們實現一個具體的IOperation介面，每一個具體的操作去實現這個介面.

1. IOperation介面

package operations;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

2. AddOperation

增加圖書：

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增圖書! ");
        System.out.println("請輸入要新增的圖書的名字: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("請輸入要新增的圖書的作者: ");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("請輸入要新增的圖書的價格: ");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("請輸入要新增的圖書的型別: ");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();

        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);

        //1.獲取當前書存放的位置
        int curSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        //2.把書放在指定位置
        bookList.setBooks(book,curSize);
        //3.更新書的個數
        bookList.setUsedSize(curSize+1);

    }
}

3. BorrowOperation

借閱圖書:

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借閱圖書! ");
        System.out.println("請輸入要借閱的圖書的名字: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
                if(book.isBorrowed()) {
                    System.out.println("該書已經被借出! ");
                }else {
                    book.setBorrowed(true);
                    System.out.println("借閱圖書成功! ");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("沒有你要借閱的書! ");
    }
}

4. DelOperation

刪除圖書:

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("刪除圖書! ");
        System.out.println("請輸入要刪除的圖書: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        //查詢圖書是否有此圖書，記錄下標
        int index = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
               index = i;
               break;
            }
        }
        if(index == -1) {
            System.out.println("沒有 "+name+"這本書!");
            return;
        }
        for (int i = index; i < bookList.getUsedSize()-1; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getPos(i+1);
            bookList.setBooks(book,i);
        }

        //刪除的書,要置空
        bookList.setBooks(null, bookList.getUsedSize()-1);
        bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()-1);
    }
}

5. DisplayOperation

顯示圖書:

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("顯示圖書! ");
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

6. ExitOperation

退出圖書：

package operations;

import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {

        System.out.println("退出系統! ");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

7. FindOperation

查詢圖書:

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {

        //查詢圖書
        System.out.println("查詢圖書! ");
        System.out.println("請輸入要查詢的圖書: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
                System.out.println("找到了! ");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("沒有這本書! ");
    }
}

8. ReturnOperation

歸還圖書:

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("歸還圖書! ");
        System.out.println("請輸入要歸還的圖書的名字: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())) {
                book.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("歸還圖書成功! ");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("沒有你要歸還的書! ");
    }
}

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