Android LeakCanary的使用方法介紹

2022-09-08 18:03:59

1.LeakCanary 如何自動初始化

LeakCanary只需新增依賴就可以實現自動初始化。LeakCanary是通過ContentProvider實現初始化的，在ContentProvider 的 onCreate方法中初始化LeakCanary。並且MainProcessAppWatcherInstaller是在主執行緒中初始化的。注意：ContentProvider的初始化是在Application的onCreate之前完成的，所以LeakCanary的初始化方法AppWatcher.manualInstall(application)也是在Application的onCreate之前完成的。

internal class MainProcessAppWatcherInstaller : ContentProvider() {
   override fun onCreate(): Boolean {
      val application = context!!.applicationContext as Application
      AppWatcher.manualInstall(application)
      return true
    }
     ... ...
}

2.LeakCanary如何檢測記憶體漏失

2.1LeakCanary初始化時做了什麼

AppWatcher.kt

@JvmOverloads
fun manualInstall(
  application: Application,
  retainedDelayMillis: Long = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5),
  watchersToInstall: List<InstallableWatcher> = appDefaultWatchers(application)
) {
  checkMainThread()
  if (isInstalled) {
    throw IllegalStateException(
      "AppWatcher already installed, see exception cause for prior install call", installCause
    )
  }
  check(retainedDelayMillis >= 0) {
    "retainedDelayMillis $retainedDelayMillis must be at least 0 ms"
  }
  installCause = RuntimeException("manualInstall() first called here")
  this.retainedDelayMillis = retainedDelayMillis
  if (application.isDebuggableBuild) {
    LogcatSharkLog.install()
  }
  // Requires AppWatcher.objectWatcher to be set
  LeakCanaryDelegate.loadLeakCanary(application)
  watchersToInstall.forEach {
    it.install()
  }
}

fun appDefaultWatchers(
  application: Application,
  reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher = objectWatcher
): List<InstallableWatcher> {
  return listOf(
    ActivityWatcher(application, reachabilityWatcher),
    FragmentAndViewModelWatcher(application, reachabilityWatcher),
    RootViewWatcher(reachabilityWatcher),
    ServiceWatcher(reachabilityWatcher)
  )
}

在appDefaultWatchers方法中，會預設初始化一些Watcher，在預設情況下，我們只會監控Activity,Fragment,RootView,Service這些物件是否洩漏。

2.2LeakCanary如何觸發檢測

以ActivityWatcher為例:

/**
 * Expects activities to become weakly reachable soon after they receive the [Activity.onDestroy]
 * callback.
 */
class ActivityWatcher(
  private val application: Application,
  private val reachabilityWatcher: ReachabilityWatcher
) : InstallableWatcher {
  private val lifecycleCallbacks =
    object : Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks by noOpDelegate() {
      override fun onActivityDestroyed(activity: Activity) {
        reachabilityWatcher.expectWeaklyReachable(
          activity, "${activity::class.java.name} received Activity#onDestroy() callback"
        )
      }
    }
  override fun install() {
    application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(lifecycleCallbacks)
  }
  override fun uninstall() {
    application.unregisterActivityLifecycleCallbacks(lifecycleCallbacks)
  }
}

在Activity.onDestory時，就會觸發檢測記憶體漏失。通過ActivityLifecycleCallbacks監聽生命週期變化，在onActivityDestroyed方法中呼叫ReachabilityWatcher的expectWeaklyReachable方法。

2.3LeakCanary如何檢測洩漏的物件

以Activity為例，通過ReachabilityWatcher的expectWeaklyReachable方法檢測。

fun interface ReachabilityWatcher {
  /**
   * Expects the provided [watchedObject] to become weakly reachable soon. If not,
   * [watchedObject] will be considered retained.
   */
  fun expectWeaklyReachable(
    watchedObject: Any,
    description: String
  )
}

ObjectWatcher.kt

ObjectWatcher實現ReachabilityWatcher介面。

private val watchedObjects = mutableMapOf()

private val queue = ReferenceQueue()

@Synchronized override fun expectWeaklyReachable(
  watchedObject: Any,
  description: String
) {
  if (!isEnabled()) {
    return
  }
  removeWeaklyReachableObjects()
  val key = UUID.randomUUID()
    .toString()
  val watchUptimeMillis = clock.uptimeMillis()
  val reference =
    KeyedWeakReference(watchedObject, key, description, watchUptimeMillis, queue)
  SharkLog.d {
    "Watching " +
      (if (watchedObject is Class<*>) watchedObject.toString() else "instance of ${watchedObject.javaClass.name}") +
      (if (description.isNotEmpty()) " ($description)" else "") +
      " with key $key"
  }
  watchedObjects[key] = reference
  checkRetainedExecutor.execute {
    moveToRetained(key)
  }
}

1.通過觀察的範例watchedObject構建弱參照KeyedWeakReference範例，watchedObject與ReferenceQueue關聯，當物件被回收時，該弱參照物件將被存入ReferenceQueue當中。

2.弱參照KeyedWeakReference範例會被被儲存在watchedObjects中（Map）。

3.檢測過程中，會呼叫removeWeaklyReachableObjects,將已回收物件從watchedObjects中移除。

4.如果watchedObjects中沒有移除物件，證明它沒有被回收，那麼就會呼叫moveToRetained。

private fun removeWeaklyReachableObjects() {
  // WeakReferences are enqueued as soon as the object to which they point to becomes weakly
  // reachable. This is before finalization or garbage collection has actually happened.
  var ref: KeyedWeakReference?
  do {
    ref = queue.poll() as KeyedWeakReference?
    if (ref != null) {
      watchedObjects.remove(ref.key)
    }
  } while (ref != null)
}

@Synchronized private fun moveToRetained(key: String) {
  removeWeaklyReachableObjects()
  val retainedRef = watchedObjects[key]
  if (retainedRef != null) {
    retainedRef.retainedUptimeMillis = clock.uptimeMillis()
    onObjectRetainedListeners.forEach { it.onObjectRetained() }
  }
}

2.4弱參照 WeakReference

只要 GC 發現一個物件只有弱參照，則就會回收此弱參照物件。

public class WeakReference<T> extends Reference<T> {
    public WeakReference(T referent) {
        super(referent);
    }
    public WeakReference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> q) {
        super(referent, q);
    }
}

var str: Any? = Any()
val quque = ReferenceQueue<Any>()
val weakReference = WeakReference<Any>(str, quque)
val weakReference_before_gc = weakReference.get()
Log.v("reference_tag", weakReference_before_gc.toString())
str = null
System.gc()
Handler().postDelayed( {
    val weakReference_after_gc = weakReference.get()
    Log.v("reference_tag", weakReference_after_gc.toString())
}, 2000)

2022-02-27 17:43:04.181 16634-16634/com.example.myapplication V/reference_tag: java.lang.Object@c87946a
2022-02-27 17:43:06.182 16634-16634/com.example.myapplication V/reference_tag: null

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