<em>Mac</em>Book项目 2009年学校开始实施<em>Mac</em>Book项目,所有师生配备一本<em>Mac</em>Book,并同步更新了校园无线网络。学校每周进行电脑技术更新,每月发送技术支持资料,极大改变了教学及学习方式。因此2011
2021-06-01 09:32:01
ElasticSearch查詢檔案基本操作範例
2023-09-12 18:01:43
查詢檔案 & 基本操作
為了方便學習, 本節中所有範例沿用上節的索引
按照ID單個
GET class_1/_doc/1
查詢結果:
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"_seq_no" : 4,
"_primary_term" : 3,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "l",
"num" : 6
}
}
按照ID批次
GET class_1/_mget
{
"ids":[1,2,3]
}
返回:
{
"docs" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"_seq_no" : 4,
"_primary_term" : 3,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "l",
"num" : 6
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"found" : false
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_version" : 3,
"_seq_no" : 10,
"_primary_term" : 4,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"num" : 9,
"name" : "e",
"age" : 9,
"desc" : [
"hhhh"
]
}
}
]
}
查詢檔案是否存在 & 通過id判斷
HEAD class_1/_doc/1
返回:
200 - OK
HEAD class_1/_doc/1000
返回:
404 - Not Found
查詢部分欄位內容
GET class_1/_doc/1?_source_includes=name
返回:
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 4,
"_seq_no" : 4,
"_primary_term" : 3,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "l"
}
}
可以看到只返回了name欄位, 以上是一個基本的操作，下面給大家講下條件查詢~
查詢檔案 & 條件查詢
查詢的複雜度取決於它附加的條件約束，跟我們寫sql一樣。下面就帶大家一步一步看一下ES中如何進行條件查詢~
不附加任何條件
GET class_1/_search
返回:
{
"took" : 15,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 8,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "b",
"num" : 6
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "iGFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJe",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "g",
"age" : 8
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "iWFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "h",
"age" : 9
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "i",
"age" : 10
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"num" : 9,
"name" : "e",
"age" : 9,
"desc" : [
"hhhh"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "f",
"age" : 10,
"num" : 10
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "RWlfBIUBDuA8yW5cu9wu",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "一年級",
"num" : 20
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "l",
"num" : 6
}
}
]
}
}
可以看到索引class_1中的所有資料都是上節新增的。這裡提一下，我們也可以新增多個索引一起查，然後返回,用,逗號隔開就可以了
GET class_1,class_2,class_3/_search
{
"took" : 7,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 9,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "b",
"num" : 6
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "RWlfBIUBDuA8yW5cu9wu",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "一年級",
"num" : 20
}
},
....
]
}
}
可以看到返回了索引class_2中的資料，並且合併到了一起。
相關欄位解釋
有的小夥伴可能對返回的欄位有點陌生，這裡給大家統一解釋一下：
{
"took":"查詢操作耗時，單位毫秒",
"timed_out":"是否超時",
"_shards":{
"total":"分片總數",
"successful":"執行成功分片數",
"skipped":"執行忽略分片數",
"failed":"執行失敗分片數"
},
"hits":{
"total":{
"value":"條件查詢命中數",
"relation":"計數規則(eq計數準確/gte計數不準確)"
},
"max_score":"最大匹配度分值",
"hits":[
{
"_index":"命中結果索引",
"_id":"命中結果ID",
"_score":"命中結果分數",
"_source":"命中結果原檔案資訊"
}
]
}
}
下面我們看下帶條件的查詢~
基礎分頁查詢
基本語法: es中通過引數size和from來進行基礎分頁的控制
from：指定跳過多少條資料size：指定返回多少條資料
下面看下範例：
url引數
GET class_1/_search?from=2&size=2
返回:
{
"took" : 5,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 8,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "iWFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "h",
"age" : 9
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "i",
"age" : 10
}
}
]
}
}
body 引數
GET class_1/_search
{
"from" : 2,
"size" : 2
}
返回結果和上面是一樣的~
單欄位全文索引查詢
這個大家應該不陌生，前面幾節都見過。使用query.match進行查詢,match適用與對單個欄位基於全文索引進行資料檢索。對於全文欄位，match使用特定的分詞進行全文檢索。而對於那些精確值，match同樣可以進行精確匹配,match查詢短語時，會對短語進行分詞，再針對每個詞條進行全文檢索。
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name":"i"
}
}
}
返回:
{
"took" : 4,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.3862942,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "imFt-4UBECmbBdQAnVJg",
"_score" : 1.3862942,
"_source" : {
"name" : "i",
"age" : 10
}
}
]
}
}
單欄位不分詞查詢
使用query.match_phrase進行查詢, 它與match的區別就是不進行分詞,幹說，可能有點抽象，下面我們通過一個例子給大家分清楚:
先造點資料進去：
PUT class_1/_bulk
{ "create":{ } }
{"name":"I eat apple so haochi1~","num": 1}
{ "create":{ } }
{ "name":"I eat apple so zhen haochi2~","num": 1}
{ "create":{ } }
{"name":"I eat apple so haochi3~","num": 1}
假設有這麼幾個句子，現在我有一個需求我要把I eat apple so zhen haochi2~這句話匹配出來
match分詞結果
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "apple so zhen"
}
}
}
返回：
{
"took" : 15,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 2.2169428,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 2.2169428,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
"num" : 1
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "b8fcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 1.505254,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so haochi1~",
"num" : 1
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "ccfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 1.505254,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so haochi3~",
"num" : 1
}
}
]
}
}
從結果來看，剛剛的幾句話都被查出來了，但是結果並大符合預期。從score來看，"_score" : 2.2169428得分最高，排在了第一，語句是I eat apple so zhen haochi2~,說明匹配度最高，這個句子正是我們想要的結果~
match_phrase 不分詞查詢結果
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"name": "apple so zhen"
}
}
}
結果:
{
"took" : 6,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 2.2169428,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 2.2169428,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
"num" : 1
}
}
]
}
}
結果符合預期，只返回了我們想要的那句。那麼match為什麼都返回了，這就是前面講到的分詞,首先會對name: apple so zhen進行分詞,也就是說存在apple的都會被返回。
當然，真正業務中的需求比這個複雜多了，這裡只是為了給大家做區分~ 下面接著看~
多欄位全文索引查詢
相當於對多個欄位執行了match查詢, 這裡需要注意的是query的型別要和欄位型別一致，不然會報型別異常
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"multi_match": {
"query": "apple",
"fields": ["name","desc"]
}
}
}
{
"took" : 5,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.752627,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "b8fcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 0.752627,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so haochi1~",
"num" : 1
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "ccfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 0.752627,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so haochi3~",
"num" : 1
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 0.7389809,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
"num" : 1
}
}
]
}
}
範圍查詢
使用range來進行範圍查詢，適用於陣列，時間等欄位
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"num": {
"gt": 5,
"lt": 10
}
}
}
}
返回:
{
"took" : 6,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "h2Fg-4UBECmbBdQA6VLg",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "b",
"num" : 6
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"num" : 9,
"name" : "e",
"age" : 9,
"desc" : [
"hhhh"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "l",
"num" : 6
}
}
]
}
}
單欄位精確查詢
使用term進行非分詞欄位的精確查詢。需要注意的是，對於那些分詞的欄位，即使查詢的value是一個完全匹配的短語，也無法完成查詢
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"num": {
"value": "9"
}
}
}
}
返回:
{
"took" : 4,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"num" : 9,
"name" : "e",
"age" : 9,
"desc" : [
"hhhh"
]
}
}
]
}
}
欄位精確查詢 & 多值
與term一樣, 區別在於可以匹配一個欄位的多個值，滿足一個即檢索成功
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"terms": {
"num": [
9,
1
]
}
}
}
返回:
{
"took" : 8,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 4,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"num" : 9,
"name" : "e",
"age" : 9,
"desc" : [
"hhhh"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "b8fcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so haochi1~",
"num" : 1
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "ccfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so haochi3~",
"num" : 1
}
},
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "cMfcCoYB090miyjed7YE",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "I eat apple so zhen haochi2~",
"num" : 1
}
}
]
}
}
檔案包含欄位查詢
為了確定當前索引有哪些檔案包含了對應的欄位，es中使用exists來實現
GET class_1/_search
{
"query": {
"exists": {
"field": "desc"
}
}
}
返回:
{
"took" : 8,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "class_1",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"num" : 9,
"name" : "e",
"age" : 9,
"desc" : [
"hhhh"
]
}
}
]
}
}
結束語
本節主要講了ES中的檔案查詢API操作，該部分內容較多, 下節繼續給大家講，就先消化這麼多~API大家都不要去背，多敲幾遍就記住了，關鍵是多用，多總結 。
以上就是ElasticSearch查詢檔案基本操作範例的詳細內容，更多關於ElasticSearch查詢檔案的資料請關注it145.com其它相關文章！
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iPhone12在618最新定價，跌價幅度超過1400元，還等iPhone13嗎？
不仅是<em>安卓</em>手机，苹果手机的降价力度也是前所未有了，iPhone12也“跳水价”了，发布价是6799元，如今已经跌至5308元，降价幅度超过1400元，最新定价确认了。iPhone12是苹果首款5G手机，同时也是全球首款5nm芯片的智能机，它
2021-06-01 09:30:45