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SpringBoot2.3.0設定JPA的實現範例

2020-08-13 00:00:34

JPA顧名思義就是Java Persistence API的意思,是JDK 5.0註解或XML描述物件-關係表的對映關係,並將執行期的實體物件持久化到數據庫中。

依賴

  • spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc
  • spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
  • mysql-connector-java
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

application.yml

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

  • 如果數據庫內沒有表或表結構改變時根據Entity建立/更新

spring.jpa.show-sql=true

  • 控制檯列印sql

spring.jpa.database

  • 指定數據庫型別,可寫可不寫
spring:
 datasource:
  driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_boot?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
  username: root
  password: root
 jpa:
  hibernate:
   ddl-auto: update
  show-sql: true
  database: mysql

POJO

  • @Data是Lombok
  • @Entity告訴JPA這是一個實體類(和數據表對映的類)
  • @Table(name = 「jpa_user」) 給表起名,不寫預設爲類名小寫(user)
  • @Id設定主鍵
  • @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 使用自增
  • @Column(name = 「jpa_username」,length = 40) 給列起名,不寫預設爲屬性名(username)
import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "jpa_user")
@Data
public class User {

  @Id
  @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
  private Integer id;
  @Column(name = "jpa_username",length = 40)
  private String username;
  @Column(name = "jpa_password")
  private String password;

}

Repository

JpaRepository的繼承關係

所以繼承JpaRepository

  •  JpaRepository<T, ID>
  • 第一個泛型就是要操作的Entity
  • 第二個泛型就是Entity的Id主鍵型別
  • JpaRepository<User, Integer>
package com.live.repository;

import com.live.model.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

Controller(測試)

@Autowired @Autowired
 UserRepository userRepository;
package com.live.controller;

import com.live.model.User;
import com.live.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

@RestController
public class UserJPAController {

  @Autowired
  UserRepository userRepository;

  @GetMapping("/findAll")
  public List<User> findAll() {
    return userRepository.findAll();
  }

  @GetMapping("/findOne/{id}")
  public Optional<User> findOne(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
    return userRepository.findById(id);
  }

  @GetMapping("/insert")
  public User insertOne(User user) {
    return userRepository.save(user);
  }
}

測試

注意:

  • 對欄位操作時,使用的是實體類的屬性名(username,password)
  • 而不是在@Column(name=「jpa_username」)設定的jpa_username

查詢所有

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