2021-05-12 14:32:11
python如何實現DES加密
2020-09-21 15:00:14
加密流程
首先說一下置換的意思,比如說有5678這個字串,置換表為2143,置換表中的數表示的是位置,所以字串變成6587。所有的置換表在程式中。(S盒置換不一樣,會另外說明)
金鑰部分
- 把8位元字串金鑰變成2進位制(好像金鑰只可以是8位元,這一塊我也沒有搞太清楚)
- 64位元金鑰進行PC1置換,變成56位,因為以前DES是用硬體實現的,所以8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64位元為校驗位,不記入金鑰部分。但是我們現在是用軟體實現,所以這8位元需要去掉,再打亂順序。
- 將56位金鑰對半分L0和R0、分別對L0和R0進行左迴圈移位,(當輪數為第1、2、9、16輪時,移動1位,其餘時候移動兩位)L0,R0移動1位後得到L1,R1。L1和R0繼續進行下一輪,進行16輪。
- 上面移位得到的所以Li+Ri進行PC2置換得到16個子金鑰(PC2置換把56位資料變成了48位元)。
明文部分
- 先進行明文填充,採用PKCS #5規則,如果剛好滿足每組有8個位元組,則再新增一組,每個位元組為000010000,如果最後一組沒有8個位元組,則把這一組填充成8個位元組,填充的位元組為少掉的位元組的數目,比如有7個位元組,則填充00000001。
- 再進行初始置換,把64位元明文打亂。
- 進行16輪feistel函數後在進行逆初始運算
feistel函數
以一組為例子來說明,一組明文8個位元組,64位元。有16輪迭代,要執行16次feistel函數。注意在16輪迭代前要把明文進行初始置換,迭代後把左右兩邊資料合併成64位元再進行逆初始運算。
- 把64位元明文左右對半分成兩份。
- 右邊的先進行部分進行擴充套件置換,32位元變成48位元。
- 再和對應輪數的子金鑰進行互斥或運算。
- 再進行S盒運算,48位元變成32位元。S盒運算具體操作方法是,把48位元資料分成8份,每份就有6位資料,比如010110,把頭和尾結合位00,變成十進位制就是0,中間四位的十進位制為11,所以(x,y)為(0,11)
[14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7,
0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8,
4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0,
15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13]
在上面這個表中表示的就是12,在把12變成2進位制就是1100,所以6位就變成了4位元。總共有8份資料,也有8個表。每份對應的運算的表都不一樣。
- 再進行P盒運算。
- 最後和左邊的32位元進行互斥或運算。
解密
解密部分除了在feistel函數中呼叫子金鑰的順序相反外,其他都一樣。加密呼叫的順序是1-16,解密是16-1。
程式碼
#################################輔助函數###################################### # 十進位制轉成二進位制 def INT_BIN(NUM): i = bin(NUM)[2:] if len(i) != 8: i = ((8 - len(i)) * '0') + i return i # 置換函數 def Replace(ARR,change): ARR1 = [] for i in ARR: a = '' for j in change: a += i[j-1] ARR1.append(a) return ARR1 # 互斥或運算 def XOR(a,b): c="" for i,j in zip(a,b): if i==j: c+='0' else: c+='1' return [c] # 二進位制轉字元 def ASCII(A): text = '' for i in A: for j in range(8): b = i[j*8:(j+1)*8] text += chr(int(b,2)) return text ############################################################################## #################################金鑰生成###################################### # 先PC1置換、將56位金鑰對半分L0和R0、分別對L0和R0進行左迴圈移位, # (當輪數為第1、2、9、16輪時,移動1位,其餘時候移動兩位)L0,R0移動1位 # 後得到L1,R1,L1+R0進行PC2置換得到金鑰K1,L1和R0繼續進行下一輪,直到生成16個子金鑰 # PC-1置換表 PC1 = [57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3, 60, 52, 44, 36, 63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4] # PC-2置換表 PC2 = [14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5, 3, 28, 15, 6, 21, 10, 23, 19, 12, 4, 26, 8, 16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2, 41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55, 30, 40, 51, 45, 33, 48, 44, 49, 39, 56, 34, 53, 46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32] # 生成子金鑰函數 def GenerateSubkey(Key): # 字串轉二進位制 K = "" i_byte = bytes(Key, encoding='utf-8') for i_bin in i_byte: K += INT_BIN(i_bin) # PC1置換 ReplacePc1 = Replace([K],PC1) # 生成16組子金鑰 Lmi = [] Rmi = [] Lmi.append(ReplacePc1[0][:28]) Rmi.append(ReplacePc1[0][28:]) for i in range(1,17): if i in (1, 2, 9, 16): Lmi.append(Lmi[i-1][1:]+Lmi[i-1][:1]) Rmi.append(Rmi[i-1][1:]+Rmi[i-1][:1]) else: Lmi.append(Lmi[i-1][2:]+Lmi[i-1][:2]) Rmi.append(Rmi[i-1][2:]+Rmi[i-1][:2]) del Lmi[0] del Rmi[0] del ReplacePc1[0] for i in range(16): ReplacePc1.append(Lmi[i]+Rmi[i]) # PC2置換 return Replace(ReplacePc1,PC2) ########################################################################### #################################明文處理################################### # 明文填充,採用PKCS #5規則,如果剛好滿足每組有8個位元組,則再新增一組,每個位元組為 # 000010000,如果最後一組沒有8個位元組,則把這一組填充成8個位元組,填充的位元組為少掉的 # 位元組的數目,比如有7個位元組,則填充00000001 # 對明文進行填充,分組 def InitPlaintext(Plaintext): DecimalList = [] BytesList = [] BinList = [] # 字串轉成10機制 i_byte = bytes(Plaintext, encoding='utf-8') for i_bin in i_byte: DecimalList.append(i_bin) # 剛好滿足分組 if len(DecimalList) % 8 == 0: for i in range(8): DecimalList.append(8) for i in range(int(len(DecimalList)/8)): BytesList.append(DecimalList[i*8:(i+1)*8]) # 不滿足分組 else: INT = 8 - len(DecimalList) % 8 for i in range(INT): DecimalList.append(INT) for i in range(int(len(DecimalList)/8)): BytesList.append(DecimalList[i*8:(i+1)*8]) # 10進位制轉2進位制 for i in BytesList: TMP = '' for j in i: TMP += INT_BIN(j) BinList.append(TMP) return BinList ########################################################################### ################################feistel函數################################ #ip初始置換表 IPINIT = [58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2, 60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6, 64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8, 57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7] #擴充套件E置換表 EExten = [32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1] #P盒置換表 PBOX = [16, 7, 20, 21, 29, 12, 28, 17, 1, 15, 23, 26, 5, 18, 31, 10, 2, 8, 24, 14, 32, 27, 3, 9, 19, 13, 30, 6, 22, 11, 4, 25] #逆初始置換表 P1 = [40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32, 39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31, 38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30, 37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29, 36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28, 35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27, 34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26, 33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25] #8個s盒 S_1 = [14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7, 0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8, 4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0, 15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13] S_2 = [15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10, 3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5, 0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15, 13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12, 0, 5, 14, 9] S_3 = [10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8, 13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1, 13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7, 1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12] S_4 = [7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15, 13, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9, 10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4, 3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14] S_5 = [2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9, 14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13, 7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14, 11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3] S_6 = [12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11, 10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8, 9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6, 4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 13] S_7 = [4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1, 13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6, 1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2, 6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12] S_8 = [13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7, 1, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2, 7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8, 2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11] S_9 = [] S_9.append(S_1) S_9.append(S_2) S_9.append(S_3) S_9.append(S_4) S_9.append(S_5) S_9.append(S_6) S_9.append(S_7) S_9.append(S_8) # S盒置換 def S(R): s = '' for i in range(8): a = R[i*6:(i+1)*6] x = int(a[0]+a[-1],2) y = int(a[1:5],2) s += INT_BIN(S_9[i][x*15+y])[4:] return[s] # feistel函數 def feistel(L, R, K): # 擴充套件置換 Expand = Replace(R,EExten) # 互斥或運算 Expand = XOR(Expand[0],K) # S盒運算 Expand = S(Expand[0]) # P盒 Expand = Replace(Expand,PBOX) # 互斥或運算 Expand = XOR(L[0],Expand[0]) return Expand[0] ########################################################################### ################################加、解密函數################################ # 加密 def Encrypt(PlanText,Key): # 初始置換 IP1 = Replace(InitPlaintext(PlanText),IPINIT) # 生成子金鑰 SubkeyList = GenerateSubkey(Key) # 16輪迭代 Ciphertext = [] for i in IP1: L = i[:32] R = i[32:] for k in SubkeyList: TMP = feistel([L],[R],k) L = R R = TMP # 逆初始置換 Ciphertext.append(Replace([R+L],P1)[0]) return Ciphertext,SubkeyList # 解密 def Decrypt(Ciphertext,Key): # 初始置換 IP1 = Replace(Ciphertext,IPINIT) # 16輪迭代 PlanText = [] for i in IP1: L = i[:32] R = i[32:] for k in Key[::-1]: TMP = feistel([L],[R],k) L = R R = TMP # 逆初始置換 PlanText.append(Replace([R+L],P1)[0]) return PlanText ########################################################################### if __name__ == "__main__": miwen,miyao = Encrypt('computer','networks') print(miwen) print(ASCII(Decrypt(miwen,miyao)))
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