2021-05-12 14:32:11
Linux dd命令在擴增SWAP分割區時的應用
一、Linux中swap分割區的基礎作用:
Linux swap分割區是Linux交換分割區:Linux系統實體記憶體不夠用時,系統會自動啟用swap分割區,來緩解實體記憶體的壓力,系統把實體記憶體裡的存取頻率低的記憶體物件移動到swap分割區中,再在實體記憶體裡產生新的連線指向swap分割區中的特定的物件;
二、
相對於繁忙的伺服器來說,會出現實體記憶體和物理分割區同時不夠用的情況,這時候我們就需要臨時擴增swap分割區的大小,達到這種目的有兩種方法:
1.當硬碟的擴充套件分割區還有剩餘的記憶體可用,可以用fdisk命令建立新的分割區,並調整分割區型別為Linux-swap,然後啟用即可。
具體步驟:
[root@linuxidc ~]# free -m //檢視實體記憶體和swap分割區的使用率
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 502 474 28 0 76 274
-/+ buffers/cache: 124 378
Swap: 1019 0 1019
[root@linuxidc ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): p //列出當前已建立的分割區
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n //新建一個分割區
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p //主分割區
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): +3G
Command (m for help): t //改變分割區型別
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L //列出核心所支援的分割區
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 1 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): w //儲存分割區
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@linuxidc ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb //讓核心重讀分割區表
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /proc/partitions //確保核心重讀分割區表完成
major minor #blocks name
8 0 20971520 sda
8 1 305203 sda1
8 2 19615365 sda2
8 3 1044225 sda3
8 16 20971520 sdb
8 17 2939863 sdb1
[root@linuxidc ~]#mkswap /dev/sdb1 //格式化
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 3010412 kB
[root@linuxidc ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1 //啟用該swap分割區
[root@linuxidc ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 502 394 107 0 30 273
-/+ buffers/cache: 90 412
Swap: 3890 0 3890
[root@linuxidc ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb1 //關閉該swap分割區
[root@linuxidc ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 502 393 108 0 30 273
-/+ buffers/cache: 89 413
Swap: 1019 0 1019
2.當硬碟沒有剩餘的儲存可建立新分割區時,可以利用dd命令在已存的分割區中建立一個檔案,充當swap分割區。
具體步驟:(現已指令碼的形式呈現)
[root@linuxidc ~]# vi createswap.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo -n "Please input your number: "
read number
echo -n "Please input your swapfile name and the whole path: "
read path
dd if=/dev/zero of=$path bs=1M count=$number
mkswap $path
swapon $path
free -m
echo "The swap created"
結束語:到此教學完畢。
Linux dd命令製作U盤系統啟動盤 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-02/113585.htm
Linux/UNIX: 使用 dd 命令建立 1GB 大小的二進位制 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-12/110147.htm
如何在Ubuntu 14.04中建立SWAP交換分割區檔案 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-08/105223.htm
如何擴充套件/刪除SWAP分割區 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98311.htm
在OpenStack虛擬機器範例中建立SWAP分割區的一種方法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87380.htm
Linux 中交換空間 (SWAP)應該分多大才好? http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/84252.htm
Linux SWAP 分割區建立及釋放記憶體 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81890.htm
Linux SWAP 交換分割區設定說明 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/82008.htm
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