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Ubuntu修改locale問題解決

2020-06-16 17:53:57

本文針對的問題是“Ubuntu 安裝中文語言套件”“Ubuntu Server中文問題”,“Ubuntu更改語言環境”,“Ubuntu locale的設定”,“cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8)”,“Linux中文亂碼”,“Linux字元集的修改”,“Linux亂碼的解決辦法”等問題,提供一站式解決。如果系統顯示中文異常,例如出現顯示中文亂碼等,可以參考本文章。關於CentOS系統的修改辦法,請參考文章末尾的描述。

問題描述

終端顯示中文正常,應用程式裡面顯示中文異常。

錯誤表現

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sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.    
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:    
    LANGUAGE = "zh_CN:zh:en_US:en",    
    LC_ALL = "zh_CN.UTF-8",    
    LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"    
    are supported and installed on your system.    
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").    
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory    
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory    
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory    
/bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8)    
Generating locales...    
  en_US.UTF-8... /usr/sbin/locale-gen: line 177: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8)    
up-to-date    
Generation complete.

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man locale

man: can't set the locale; make sure $LC_* and $LANG are correct

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$ locale

locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory    
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory    
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory    
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8    
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en    
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8"    
LC_ALL=

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$ localectl list-locales

C.UTF-8    
en_US.utf8    
zh_CN.utf8

問題解決辦法

要想達到應用程式中正常顯示中文字元的目的,要下面的三個變數應該如下,

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LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8   
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en_US:en   
LC_ALL=LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

但問題在於“LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory”和“LC_ALL: cannot change locale (zh_CN.UTF-8) ”,因此重新安裝中文語言套件。

執行下面命令

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sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans

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sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hans-base

如果想支援繁體字,則執行

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sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hant

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sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hant language-pack-zh-hant-base

再執行locale命令設定當前locale環境

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locale

相關的檔案和參考

相關手冊:man locale(1), locale(5), locale(7)

相關檔案:/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED

相關命令:

locale --all-locales 列出當前系統中所有支援的locale

localectl list-locales 列出當前系統中所有可用的locale

localectl set-locales LOCALE... 修改當前系統中的locale,與locale功能相同,與export上文提到的三個變數相同

對於CentOS,可以直接編輯/etc/sysconfig/i18n檔案,將LANG="en_US.UTF-8"設定成LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8",除此之外,CentOS下locale命令的顯示結果如下:

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# locale

LANG=en_US.UTF-8    
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"    
LC_ALL=

其中,LC_ALL=為空,但並不是表示這裡不對,而是LC_ALL=實際上等於LC_COLLATE、LC_CTYPE、LC_MONETARY、LC_MESSAGES、LC_NUMERIC、LC_TIME,參見locale(7)。


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